PHIL 1301 Test #1 done
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Dec 6, 2023
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Phil 1301
Test I
Prof. Aiman
Part I: Multiple Choice: (3 points each) Choose the one best answer 1. In which of the following ways would Polemarchus likely say justice has been served?
A. When someone lies to an angry mob about the whereabouts of their innocent friend.
B. When someone starts beating up a person that insults their partner.
C. When someone borrows and axe and later returns it when asked.
D. When the murderer is let go on a technicality like that the glove didn’t fit for example. 2. Which of the following would a Sophist agree with?
A. All truths are absolute and unchanging.
B
. A sophist would believe that justice is the interest of the stronger.
C. A sophist would be interested in the finer things in life like going to the theatre and watching an opera.
D. Sophists felt rhetoric was not helpful toward pursing an effective argument. 3. In Socrates’ response to Thrasymachus and even earlier Polemarchus, an important distinction was made. Which of the following is an illustration of that distinction?
A. The old adage that what you see is what you get.
B. The thought that all truths are apparent and obvious.
C
. The view that suggests that things aren’t always as they seem.
D. That justice requires balance and give and take. 4. Suppose a guardian, after seeing his best friend fall in battle, rushes the enemy in a suicidal fool-hardy manner. His aim to seek revenge for his friend’s death at any cost, even his own life. What would Aristotle say concerning this guardian’s actions?
A
. The soldier was acting virtuously.
B. The soldier was living the good life.
C. The soldier was acting courageously D. None of the above.
Part II: True/False (a.k.a. flip a coin) (3 points each) Make sure to clearly indicate your answer. 5. According to Plato, the invisibility ring described in the myth of the ring of Gyges makes you do corrupt things. True
6. The telos of human beings according to Aristotle is to get into Heaven. False
Part III: Short Answer (
6 points each
) Write a few sentences to explain your response. These responses should relate to the actual
lessons. 7. Explain how
Plato attempts to deal with the challenges of Nepotism. He attempts to deal with nepotism by taking the kids from the biological parents and raise them in
a common like environment where their whole life they never know their biological parents and those kids born in the same time frames would be their brothers and sisters and their mom would be the women who have the children in the same time frame. So, the kids don’t get attached to someone a rotation for feeding and spending time with them. We would watch the kids and see what they natural abilities are and then label them as gold, silver, or bronze.
8. Plato has some very strong views on democracy as a political format. Describe two
ways in which Plato would criticize democracy that we discussed in class. Plato would criticize democracy by there being unqualified people in the position of policy makers. An example would be if you are a carpenter, you wouldn’t tell a farmer when to harvest the crops because they aren’t qualified for that. Another criticism would be nepotism because it’s a concern of specific attachments leading to biases which interfere with our ability to accurately evaluate things. If we see things by appearance instead of reality, we would make errors in choices.
Part IV: Essays ( 35 points each) Answer thoroughly any TWO. Aim for about a page (
double spaced, standard font)
or so per response (so roughly 2 pages in total) This is a guideline, not an absolute, but try to best explain your responses Discuss Plato’s Myth of the Metals or Noble Lie. What does it illustrate about justice in the city and in the individual as developed in class? What can be illustrated by the various stages in the Myth? Include a discussion of the ‘three waves’
.
Plato's Myth of the Metals or Noble Lie is a story about the creation of the city and the need for justice. The myth states that there are three groups of people in the city: gold, silver, and bronze. The gold is the rulers such as philosophers-kings or queens, the silver is the guardians, and the bronze is basically everyone else. Each group has a different natural motivation and virtue. They also had non-physical psyche coming from a
certain body part. The gold has a motivation of absolute/objective truth, and their virtue is
knowledge. The gold’s non-physical psyche is reason which comes from the brain. The silver motivation is honor or glory, and their virtue is courage. Silver’s non-physical psyche is spirit which comes from the lungs. The bronze motivations are sex, money, and material things and their virtue is temperance or basically Self-control. The bronze’s nonphysical psyche is appetites or desires which comes from loins. A city that is truly just
would have awareness, effective communication and low to no crime. The basic needs we
need to survive are food, shelter, clothing in the city that would be suggested to Plato would be that we would need farmers to grow crops and meat, we would need carpenters
to build house, we would need tailors and seamstress to create clothing and tool makers. The idea of a city is to run smoothly. The three "waves" of the myth refer to the necessary
pre-condition for justice as Plato thought they were internal beliefs. The first wave is the philosopher the truth seekers kings/queen they seek the truth though policy. The second wave is man and women Must be considered equal. The third wave is men and women Must be shared. Discuss the Allegory of the Cave at the beginning of Book VII as developed in class. What does it represent? How does one get out, and then what must one do? How can the cave illustrate the role of the philosopher according to Plato? The allegory of the cave was a cave that held prisoners that were like puppeteers, and they only knew what they were told and taught in that cave. The prisoners were thinking they were outside in the real world, but they weren’t. The shadow from the fire is what makes the prisoners feel like they were outside in the real world. The prisoners don’t even know that they are prisoners or even aware of it. The concept of the cave is distorting the truth instead of having the unfiltered truth and having direct access to the real world. An example of the cave in the real world would be the government feeding us things and missing information that is left out of papers, and we take in those things. The cave is really about your culture, your traditions, and your religion. Those things only let you see from only one point of view and don’t see other options or different views such as the prisoners in the cave, they only see one point of view. The first step for getting out this cave would be to realize that you are in a cave which would make you question things. The would be the toughest thing to do because you are already used to it, and the cave is your comfort spot so you are questioning things would make it scary. The allegory
of the cave also plays a role in justice because there isn’t fairness and real-world experience. Plato basically says that artists are liars. An example that was discussed was an artist sitting in the cave with their easel and painting a tree. This painting is a personal
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interpretation of a shadow of a cut out of a tree. This is another step taken from the truth which is why Plato says artists are liars.