Ethical Position Assignment (2)

Ethical Position Assignment Amena Abusheikha HZT4U October 2023

Philosophical inquiry report Contents Question ................................ 3 Hypothesis ............................. 3 Survey Questions ................... 3 Survey Results ........................ 4 Survey Charts ........................ 4 Analysis and Conclusions... 5

Survey Results A woman who is not in the right state of mind is being taken advantage of by a man. A man who is not in the right state of mind is being taken advantage of by a woman. Help the Man or Woman 19 12 Alert security 32 21 Ignore it 4 22 Survey Charts

Analysis and conclusions The research results of a philosophical study about ethical responses to gender-based discrimmination reveal a significant disparity of individuals who would assist women compared to men. 92% of respondents said they would help a woman who was being taken advantage of by a man, by reporting the incident to security (58%), or by approaching the offender directly (35%). However, when presented with the opposite scenario, a sizable percentage of respondents (40%) would disregard a gut being taken advantage of by a woman. Overall, slightly more than 50% would assist the man by approaching the woman (22%) or by alering security (38%). My prediction was that a greater number of people would step in and confront a male who was abusing a woman than they would when a woman was abusing a man. Wheras more individuals will alert security when they witness a woman taking advantage of a male than they do to confront the perpetrator. In both cases, few people will overlook it. My hypothesis is proved to be true by the data I gathered in this survey. I underestimated the amount of people who would ignore a man being taken advantage by a woman. I mentioned that not many people would ignore it in both circumstances, and the poll revealed that forty percent of paarticipants would overlook a man in that scenario. Based on my observations of the findings of this philosophical investigation, certain strongly held beliefs on altruism were expressed by the survey respondents. In the case of the male taking advantage of a woman, the vast majority of individuals would either confront the situation or alert security, with alerting security being more popular. I believe it was more common for the survey respondents to react this way because it is common in our society for men to take advantage of women. However, according to studies, men become more violent after the consumption of alcohol, making many women feel physically frightened when they have to

whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them: for this is the law and the prophets.” (Mathew 7:12) books there is monotheism. Confucious would also agree since he believed in doing good deeds and leading an example life (much like Jesus did). Since Buddha adheres to the proper path of kindness and karma, he would also agree. modern Western society. compassionate world. I can't however fully trust its word as its many versions prove that it’s been altered by humans, making it hard to pick one truth to stick to. I also don't find many of its testaments to be fitting to today’s way and could only be applied in the older times. Allison Jaggar Steps towards equality are "lip service" and often involve misapplying ethical principles. Inadequate prejudice in moral theories. From a feminist perspective, suffering is adequately addressed. Occasionally, these disparity factors could be ascribed to flawed applications of morality theory, but occasionally feminists link it back to persuasive bias in the theory in and of itself. -Feminist Ethics “Research by feminists has shown that numerous ostensibly gender-neutral Simone de Beauvoir would agree. alongside this philosophy since they both possess similar viewpoints in the direction of female rights The Buddha and the Confucian would agree since they have faith in righteous acts and that's the The Bible would discord disagree because when the rights of women were outlined in the Bible, the world was a different place. Although some Christians are progressive, fundamentalism still exists. I agree with Alison Jaggar because I think women should be viewed and treated as equals to men.

problems in truth impact men and women in many ways and as feminists insist, These variations have to be dealt with by any public policy in which suitably morally. -Feminist Ethics correct action to handle everyone with respect. Holy Qur'ân The main position of the Qur’an is to communicate the mercy of God and establish the relationship between Lord-worship er. The worshiper is to be moral by aligning with the fitrah, the innate purity and goodness that all humans have. God guides believers to this moral disposition by setting guidelines that when followed, create inner peace for people and outer peace for the societies they “ Allah does not burden a soul beyond that it can bear” [Quran 2:286] “He knows what is in every heart.” [Quran 67:13]. “Worship Allah and join none with Him (in worship); and do good to parents, kinsfolk, orphans, Al-Masakin (the poor), the neighbour who is near of kin, the neighbour who is a stranger, the companion by your side, the wayfarer (you meet), and those (slaves) whom your right hands possess. Verily, Allah does not like such as are proud and boastful.” – 4:36 St Thomas Aquinas, the absence of good is evil because the Quran has a binary understanding of good and evil. Aristotle would agree because there is a concept in Islam called ego (nafs amara bil sou) 12:53 where base impulses, which are carnal desires, should only be acted on to ensure your survival. An example of this is food, which is meant to be consumed to keep you alive but does not Although his philosophy has similarities to Islam, Confucius would ultimately disagree with the Holy Quran, as he doesn't worship a god. With believing in god being Islam’s entire basis, there is one god and no affiliates, Another that would disagree with the Holy Quran is the bible, as it’s main ideology is the Trinity. A belief that the Godhead consists of three individuals. The Holy Spirit, the Father (God), and the Son (Jesus). A belief I agree with the Holy Qur’an’s philosophy that people should be kind and humble. Islam means peace, and I can attest that many Muslims have held up to that example. I believe that we Should never feel defeated because of our past sins, because as it teaches in the Holy Quran god is so incredibly merciful there is nothing that can’t be forgiven as long as you ask for forgiveness.

what in their hearts. Aristotle Although all of your feelings and thoughts are normal, acting on your "base" impulses will make you constantly be in the wrong. Character virtue is related to feelings and behaviour. Emotions have their place and timing. Actions based on feelings have consequences. Behavior rooted in primal feelings is always flawed. Some people's names inherently connote baseness, such as resentment, arrogance, envy, and a host of other emotions and behaviours including adultery, theft, and murder. These are all called names, not for their excesses or deficiencies, but simply for being base. Therefore, we can never be correct when doing these things, we are just invariably in error. Confucius would agree with Aristotle’s theory since they both think that morality should guide judgements and behaviours, rather than feeling. Because both Aristotle and the Holy Qur'an hold that good deeds produce good benefits, they would agree. The Buddha would concur with Aristotle that decisions made out of base impulses are the same as "intention governed by desire." The Bible would disagree with Aristotle because it forbids having certain emotions (such as desiring one's neighbour). For the sake of "happiness," John Stuart Mill disagreed with Aristotle. Engaging in behaviours that Satiating primal desires can lead to a significant deal of satisfaction. I agree with Aristotle because I believe that acting on carnal desires means there is no space to do something that doesn't just benefit you and no space to make ethical choices or contribute to better people's lives. Confucius Confucious values order and introspection. Hierarchy is established by age and exemplary behaviour. Daily contemplation of one's behaviour Elders should be respected in a caring, sincere, and honest manner. The focus needs to be The Master said, "The man of honour thinks of his character, the inferior man of his position. The man of honour desires justice, the inferior man Aristotle would agree with Confucius because both of their ideologies hold that choices and The bible would not agree with Confucius because it believes that there should be no hierarchy and that everyone should be I agree with Confucius because I think that virtues like generosity and kindness, together with age as well as

on their behaviour and character. favour." – Analects, Book 4, Chapter XI The Master said, "A youth when at home, should be filial, and, abroad, respectful to his elders. He should be earnest and truthful. He should overflow in love to all, and cultivate the friendship of the good. When he has time and opportunity, after the performance of these things, he should employ them in polite studies." – Analects, Book 1, chapter VI deeds need to be motivated by what is moral right for others rather than by feelings. Buddha would approve of Confucius' philosophy of love and welfare. treated equally, Confucius is disagreed with by feminists Simone de Beauvoir and Allison Jagger because it favours male progress over female advancement in the hierarchy. model behaviour should determine a hierarchy. Buddha To reach Nirvana, the state of enlightenment that follows one's escape from the cycle of rebirth and death. You will have good karma and live a nice life if you hold the correct beliefs. Right view; do the right things. (action-based) Right intentions; think about the correct things (based on intention and thought) “Buddha emphasizes compassion and good moral behaviour.” “To end suffering you must purge yourself of anything and everything that would distract you from your meditation.” The bible would agree with Buddha since they both hold that living a good, kind life is a result of doing good deeds. John Stuart Mill, who is a proponent of inherent goodness, would concur. Aristotle would concur with the Buddha since I believe that the Holy Quran would disagree with Buddhism as its philosophy on the afterlife and reincarnation. Buddhists believe that they are in a constant cycle of rebirth and the only way to break through that cycle is to attain “nirvana” Essentially being at peace, I don’t completely agree with Buddhism, with only a couple of things that I find to be logical. One to be karma. Buddhists believe that, if you live a nice life you will have good karma, and if not, bad karma will come your

nobody would be immune to bad karma coming their way. Secondly, they believe that sin is not a Buddhist concept. they believe that actions are deemed as unskillful or unwholesome but not sinful. So in that logic, someone could kill someone or harm someone, but never be truly put on trial for it. In my opinon, karma is just not enough, someone balding as karma from permanently damaging and altering someone else's life isn’t convincing enough for me. It needs to be greater than just a force that may or may not find a person.

St. Thomas as Aquinas The absence of good is evil. When viewed from a wider angle, the perception of good and evil might alter. There are varying degrees of evil and goodness. In a wider cosmos, good and terrible persons are only behaviours. “One opposite is known through the other, as darkness is known through light. Hence what evil must be known from the nature of good.” – Summa Theologiae, Question 48 “Another grade of goodness is that of the good which can fail in goodness, and this grade is to be found in existence itself; for some things, there are which cannot lose their existence as incorruptible things, while some there are which can lose it, as things corruptible.” – Summa Theologiae, I, Question 48 The bible would agree with St. Thomas Aquinas because it lists both mortal and venial sin as levels of sin. Confucius, who valued introspection, would concur with St. Thomas Aquinas. Over time and with reflection, one's perspective of evil might shift. Buddha would disagree with St. Thomas Aquinas because Aquinas holds that each person should follow their path, Whereas Buddha has the Eightfold Path. I disagree with St. Thomas Aquinas because I believe that the “cosmos” is controlled by a greater force and isn’t just randomly intact. It’s too perfect to be random. I believe that everyone has an impact on the universe in some way shape or form, but I don’t believe that their impact is what controls it. John Stuart Mill Everything is decided based on how much happiness is produced. Making a more moral decision makes you happy in the long run. Happiness is among the things that people want most in life. What is good must be nice in and of itself “The creed which is accepted as the foundation of morals, Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote as St. Thomas Aquinas would agree with John’s theory because they both hold that there are good and evil in the universe and that humans struggle to His ideology would offend Aristotle, who thought that choices should not be made based on feelings of happiness but rather on emotionlessness. I agree with him since, as individuals and as a culture, happiness is what we all seek out and never find. This concept needs to be weighed

“Dressing has a Twofold Significance: it is meant to show the woman's social standing, but at the same time, it concretizes feminine narcissism; it is her uniform and her attire... social customs encourage her to alienate herself in her image. Like his body, a man's clothes must convey his transcendence and not attract attention; for him, neither elegance nor beauty constitutes him as an object; thus he does not usually consider his appearance a reflection of his being. By contrast, society even requires a woman to make herself an erotic object.” -The Second Sex, Chapter 7 long as they are leading moral lives. Philosophers differ from one another in the ways that they reinterpret and distort religious scriptures. Every ethical system makes quite similar claims at its heart. Have morality and

kindness. I was just personally not that comfortable taking a simplistic stance on either the Quran or the Bible, as they need a more in-depth explanation, Human Cloning Under what circumstances, if any, should human cloning be permitted? Cloning humans should not be allowed in any circumstance. This risky treatment has significant drawbacks and very little ethical benefits. Only a small number of human eggs have been obtained by scientists in the last year to study and test human cloning. In the modern era, the physical hazards associated with the experiment are unethical due to the lack of information about it. There is only a 40% chance that an embryo inserted via surrogacy will implant itself in the uterus. Just 10–20% of those who do will be brought to term. These possibilities do not change an individual's genetic makeup. Success is considerably less likely after modification than it is in a genetically unmodified embryo. Naturally occurring reproduction is also altered by human cloning. The process of perfecting human cloning may need hundreds of experimental efforts, and there will inevitably be numerous failures that could cause genetic damage. Similarly, there's no assurance you'll receive back the same person if you clone a deceased parent or other loved one. An environment has a big influence on personality, as John Locke noted in his theory of personal identity. It would not be guaranteed that a loved one or relative would be produced if someone with their exact DNA was cloned. Moreover, what would scientists do about the unsuccessful trials that produced results but caused genetic harm? Did that outcome have a soul? If so, would it be against the law to kill them? Human cloning

laptops and cell phones are other technical trends that many families are adopting. As a result, teachers need to create a system that will enable students to use technology effectively and productively, enhancing their education. Online paper submission, syllabus access, and even online discussion boards are a few examples of how to use technology in the classroom responsibly. Every school has a code of conduct, which needs to be updated to permit appropriate technology use. To address the primary cause of ineffective technology-based teaching, student discipline is required. Therefore, when used and disciplined appropriately, technology can be useful in the classroom. Criminal Organ Donation People constantly pass away from lack of viable organs all around the world. An organ transplant is the best remedy to this issue, whenever it is feasible. Organ availability is limited, though, particularly for uncommon blood types like AB-positive, AB-negative, and B-negative, which together account for less than 3% of the US population. Governments ought to set up systems that allow criminals with convictions, particularly those awaiting execution, to donate organs. From an ethical standpoint, it seems that this violates a person's right to privacy and their desire to die. Some argue that this is just a drawn-out continuation of the harsh penalty. Still, it's not. That begs the question, Why should a state execute a person without allowing someone in need to live? The judge's sentence for a criminal is not under the authority of the correctional facilities, and if the offender is facing death row and is about to die, the government should not squander potential organs that could save someone's life. A country should give equal attention to the health of its people and seize opportunities to assist those in need, such as those posed by death row inmates. Liver and kidney transplants are in high demand, particularly

in the United States, and the waiting list for UNOS transplants can be very lengthy in many situations. Depending on the blood type, receiving a replacement kidney may take five to ten years. There have been seventy death row executions of offenders in the last three years. That's a minimum of 100 functioning kidneys. Donating the organs of death row inmates can effectively supply many citizens with the life-sustaining organs they require. However, before beginning any medical operations, getting the donor's and the recipient's consent should come first. Nonetheless, there can be circumstances in which the recipient or the patient declines. The desires of each person should be respected if they are declined. For the patient in need of a new organ, it can be quite advantageous if both parties agree. For the benefit of everyone, countries should therefore legalize and establish procedures for death row inmates to donate their organs. How is gender inequality still prevalent in today’s society? Gender inequality is a widespread issue all over the world, that is still prevalent to this day. Gender inequality is the leading cause of women's suffering to be recognized as equal and valued beings in their workplace, in their relationships, and in our society. Cultures place more value on the work done by a man, which ultimately devalues the work of a woman. It is accustomed in our society today, to praise a father involved with his children, or simply being a father, and perceive him as a “hero”, “hardworking” and a “dedicated parent” for providing the same level of care a mother would. This alone devalues the work, time and effort put in by women and single mothers everywhere. For families to prosper, gender equality is essential, and despite decades of effort, gender inequality persists to a significant level. Without gender equality, women who are single mothers may continue to make less money than single fathers while doing