religion test
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Chesnut Hill College *
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Course
104
Subject
Philosophy
Date
Feb 20, 2024
Type
docx
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9
Uploaded by DrCrown12194
1-
One big idea in this course is that: [This question lacks options; please provide the options to choose from.]
2- Many religions do generally manifest to some degree similar
characteristics.
3- Religions frequently provide answers to the following big questions of life: "Why are we here?"
and "Where am I?"
4- Religions frequently provide answers to the following big questions of life: "What is the meaning of life?"
and "What's the solution?"
5- Another important characteristic of religions is that they provide creation myths
. These are stories that explain things like the origin of the world or of the people group.
6- Religions include communal
gatherings. Religions are practiced in groups large and small.
7- What are beliefs enacted and made real through ceremonies in religions?
Answer: Rituals
8- What type of requirements do religions provide, containing rules for human behavior and taboos?
•
Answer: Moral
9- Religions provide outlets for the emotional expression of what?
•
Answer: Spirituality
10- In religions, what elements provide ways to express spiritual experience, such as statues, icons, paintings, music and chants, dance, flowers, incense, clothing, and architecture?
- Answer: Artistic
11- Religions distinguish between what and the ordinary?
- Answer: Sacred
12- What does Hinduism have no?
- Answer: Founder
13- Hinduism is not a single unified religion. What is it more like than a single religion?
- Answer: Family of Religions
14- In Hinduism, what is that which eternally holds all together?
- Answer: Dharma
15- According to Hinduism, what is the nature of the universe?
- Answer: Is eternal and cyclic
16- In Hinduism, what is the law of cause and effect by which everyone creates their own destiny?
- Answer: Karma
17- Hinduism believes that the soul reincarnates, evolving through many births. What is this process called?
- Answer: Rebirth
18- According to Hinduism, who or what is essential to know the Transcendent Absolute?
- Answer: Guru
19- What are the most ancient scriptures of India called?
- Answer: Vedas
20- Written during the "Axis Age" (around 500 BCE), what questioned some Vedic religious beliefs in Hinduism?
- Answer: Upanishads
21- According to Hinduism, what is the spiritual essence of the universe?
- Answer: Brahman
22- Hinduism affirms that Atman is the spiritual essence of all human beings, the deepest self, the divine reality within. What is Atman?
- Answer: The True Self
23- In Hindu philosophy, what has multiple meanings including the everyday world, illusion, and that which clouds ultimate reality?
- Answer: Maya
24- What is it called when a life force loses one form and gains another in Hinduism?
- Answer: Reincarnation
25- What is the term for freedom, liberation from being an individual, detachment from pleasure and pain, release from the cycle of Samsara, Karma, and Reincarnation, and the ultimate human goal in Hinduism?
- Answer: Moksha
26- What are methods to help people live spiritually, attain perfect union with the divine, and provide different paths
to Moksha for different kinds of people in Hinduism?
•
Answer: Yogas
27- Who was born 563 or 480 BCE, northern India, today Nepal, and he died 483 or 400 BCE?
- Answer: Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)
28- What are Siddhartha's encounters with an old man, a sick man, a corpse, and a wandering holy man, which prompted him to leave his luxurious life, called?
- Answer: The Four Sights
29- After Siddhartha spent an entire night meditating, he finally achieved insight into release from suffering and rebirth. Buddhists believe that he reached a profound understanding, called his:
- Answer: Enlightenment
30- Siddhartha would go on to promote (30): between self-indulgence and asceticism. Both self-indulgence and self-
denial are forms of attachment and therefore ineffective as means to enlightenment.
- Answer: The Middle Way
31- At the core of Buddhism are the Buddha, the (31) [the sum of the Buddha’s teaching], and the Sangha.
- Answer: Dharma
32- According to Buddhism, the Mark(s) of Reality are:
- Answer: Impermanence
33- The Four Noble Truths of Buddhism are: To Live is to (33). Suffering comes from desire. To end suffering, end desire. Release from suffering is possible and can be attained by following The Eightfold Path.
- Answer: Suffer
34- Who is the founder of Daoism?
- Answer: Laozi
35- What is the central scripture of Daoism?
- Answer: Tao Te Ching (Daodejing)
36- What is the central philosophy of the Daodejing?
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- Answer: b) The Way of Virtue
37- To experience the Dao, one must:
- Answer: c) Be in harmony with the natural order
38- What is the central virtue of Daoism, often described as "actionless action," "effortless action," and "go with the flow"?
- Answer: c) Wu Wei
39- Who lived at a time when China was not a unified nation, in several small kingdoms, about the same time as Gautama in India?
- Answer: b) Confucius
40- What are the sayings of Confucius and his followers, usually written as proverbs, succinct sayings that contain basic moral truths?
- Answer: c) Analects
41- For Confucians, the Dao of primary interest is the Dao within the human world, manifested in:
- Answer: a) Human relationships
42- In Confucianism, The Five Great Relationships signify that each person must live up to his or her social status. This is called:
•
Answer: d) Li
43- The Jews are "people of the Book." The three divisions of the Hebrew Bible are: The Law, The Prophets, and The (43) [beginning with the Psalms].
- Answer: c) The Writings
44- After 70 CE, The "Oral Law," which had been around for a long time, was written down (along with comments by early rabbis). This became The (44).
- Answer: a) Talmud
45- The (45) is the social center of the Jewish community today in whatever city Jews live.
- Answer: d) Synagogue
46- The heart of Jewish theology is:
- Answer: a) The belief in one God
47- The belief that one God exists who establishes moral principles for human beings is called:
- Answer: b) Monotheism
48- A Jew is one who:
- Answer: c) Is born to a Jewish mother or converted to Judaism
Now, here are the questions and answers from the PowerPoint presentation on Orthodox and Catholic Christianity:
49- What can be known about Jesus of Nazareth comes mostly through the four (49) of Matthew, Mark. Luke and John.
- Answer: c) Gospels
50- Jesus’ central message was that of the coming of the (50) of God: God’s rule in the world.
- Answer: a) Kingdom
51- Christianity teaches that Jesus is the Messiah of (51); Jesus the Christ: Jesus is the One “Anointed” by God to save his people from sin and its consequences, including death.
- Answer: b) Israel
52- Sometimes simply called the (52) Churches, these Eastern Churches include Russian and Greek ethnic churches.
- Answer: b) Orthodox
53- The Eastern Churches pledge theological fidelity to the seven “ (53) councils.”
- Answer: a) Ecumenical
54- The Orthodox Churches place special emphasis on the (54) of the invisible God in the liturgy and devotional practices of the church.
- Answer: c) Mystery
55- The East-West (55) of 1054 split the Christian Church between the Eastern Orthodox churches and the Western [Catholic] Church.
- Answer: d) Schism
56- The Western Church affirmed The Bishop of (56)- The Pope- to be the Head of the Church, a claim rejected by the Orthodox churches.
- Answer: c) Rome
57- The Western Church affirmed the Holy Spirit to (57) which the Orthodox churches deny.
•
Answer: b) Proceeds from both the Father and the Son
58- Who was a German priest, theologian, author, hymn writer, professor, and Augustinian friar, often credited for initiating the Protestant Reformation, and his theological beliefs form the basis of Protestantism in general?
- Answer: a) Martin Luther
59- In 1517, Martin Luther wrote (59), a list of theological propositions offered to the academic community at the University of Wittenberg for debate. The Theses were quickly printed, translated, and distributed across Europe touching off the Protestant Reformation.
- Answer: a) The 95 Theses
60- Central to Protestant belief are the Five (60).
- Answer: c) Solas
61- (61) is the Protestant belief that Scripture alone is the authority for belief and practice [not the Pope or the Church’s magisterium].
- Answer: a) Sola Scriptura
62- (62) believe that Jesus is spiritually present in the Lord’s Supper, but the bread and wine remain bread and wine.
- Answer: b) Lutherans
63- Protestant refugees from all over Europe came to Geneva, learned from (63) and then took his ideas throughout Europe.
- Answer: c) John Calvin
Now, here are the questions and answers from the PowerPoint presentation on Islam:
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64- A (64) is every adult male and female who consciously and solemnly witnesses that "There is no God, but God, and Muhammad is the Prophet of God."
- Answer: a) Muslim
65- Islam teaches that God exists; God is One; God is all-powerful and the source of all truth. Islam pointedly teaches that God is not (65) [as Christians believe].
- Answer: a) A Trinity
66- The (66), literally recitation; is God’s messages revealed to Muhammad.
- Answer: b) Quran
67- Islam, in brief, includes (67) Pillars.
- Answer: c) Five
68- Islam features two major branches, Sunni, and Shiite. Muslim mystics that emphasize an experience of union with ultimate reality are called (68).
- Answer: a) Sufis
69- (69) are several collections of sayings and actions by Muhammad, as remembered by those who knew him well.
- Answer: c) Hadith
70- According to Islam, right and wrong are based on the teachings of the Qur'an, as amplified by the Hadith, and interpreted by the schools of law, the (70).
- Answer: b) Sharia
71- The ethical duty to command the good and forbid the evil has had the effect of making questions of (71) and political order central in the Muslim experience.
- Answer: a) Ethics
72- For some Muslims, the twin commitments to a) a system of ethics rooted in revelation [The Qur’an] and b) to the goal of manifesting that system of ethics in the world, in society, in culture leads to a strictly moral conception of
the state. According to this view (72) has the responsibility to enforce Islamic [Shariah] Law.
- Answer: b) The State
73- Islam is a "(73)" religion.
•
Answer: c) Monotheistic
74- What is a combination of Hinduism and Islam?
- Answer: Sikhism
75- What term is sometimes used to refer to ancient religious ways rooted to specific places that generally have not become "world religions"?
- Answer: Indigenous
76- What concept is held by native religions that sees everything in the universe as being alive?
- Answer: Animism
77- What is a religious and political movement that began in Jamaica in the 1930s and combines Protestant Christianity, mysticism, and a pan-African political consciousness?
- Answer: Rastafarianism
78- What is a religion established in the United States during the late 19th century, primarily founded by the Russian
Helena Blavatsky, and draws its teachings predominantly from Blavatsky's writings, combining elements of older European philosophies and Asian religions like Hinduism and Buddhism?
- Answer: Theosophy
79- What is Scientology?
- Answer: A modern religious movement that seeks to combine elements of psychology, technology, and spiritualism.
80- What is a characteristic of the "New Age" movement, which is syncretistic and selective, drawing what appears to be the best from various doctrines?
- Answer: Eclectic
QUESTIONS
a) Creed: A formal statement of a religious faith's core beliefs and principles.
b) Code: A set of moral guidelines and rules for ethical behavior in a religious context.
c) Cult: A term used to describe smaller religious or spiritual groups with distinctive beliefs and practices.
d) Community: A group of individuals who share a common faith, religious practices, and values
within a specific religious tradition.
List five (5) characteristics of Eastern Religions.
Reincarnation
Karma
Meditation
Non-dualism
Dharma
List three (3) similarities among Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Monotheism: All three religions believe in the existence of one, monotheistic God. They share the fundamental belief in the oneness of God and reject the idea of multiple deities.
Abrahamic Heritage: These religions trace their origins to the prophet Abraham (Ibrahim in Islam). They consider him a significant figure and ancestor in their respective faiths.
Holy Scriptures: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have their sacred texts. They share common elements in their religious scriptures,
Choose two of the three Western Religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam and explain three
differences between these two religions. Be careful that you list differences, not similarities
Belief in Jesus as the Messiah:
One of the most significant differences is the belief in Jesus as the Messiah. Christians believe that Jesus of Nazareth is the promised Messiah who fulfilled the prophecies of the Old Testament and ushered in a new covenant with God. In contrast, Judaism does not accept Jesus as the Messiah and awaits the arrival of the Messiah in the future.
Trinity: Christianity holds the doctrine of the Trinity, which teaches the belief in one God existing
in three persons: God the Father, God the Son (Jesus), and God the Holy Spirit. Judaism maintains strict monotheism, emphasizing the belief in the oneness of God without any division
into persons. This concept of the Trinity is a fundamental theological difference between the two faiths.
Sacred Texts: While both Judaism and Christianity share some texts, such as the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament), they differ in their sacred scriptures. Jews consider the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) as their primary religious text, while Christians include additional texts in the form of the New Testament, which contains the Gospels and other writings that are not part of the Jewish canon.
This distinction in their sacred texts contributes to variations in beliefs, practices, and religious authority.
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