Phi237PracticeExam2Spr2023AnswersNormativeEthicsBCSS1
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Practice Exam #2 - Abortion, Informed Consent, Conscientious
Objection
Directions:
Write your last name in the top left corner of the test followed
by your first name. Failure to do so will lower your test score one point.
Write your TA’s name under your own name. Failure to do so will lead to a
point reduction. Circle the letter that you think is the correct answer for
each multiple-choice question. If you change your answer, be sure to cross
out your old answer and clearly mark the new answer. Write “true” or
“false” to the LEFT of each true/false question. Do not write in cursive.
Doing so will lead to a point reduction.
Finn Wilson is the TA for students whose last names are found
alphabetically from Abraham through Guzman.
Jaron Cheung is the TA for students whose last names are found
between Ha through O’Reilly.
Karl Xie is the TA for students whose last names are found
between O’Rourke through Zue.
Normative Ethics Questions
P1. The opposition of most pro-lifers to abortion is best
characterized as an example of a:
a.
consequential approach to ethics.
b.
virtue theory approach to ethics.
C
. deontological approach to ethics.
d. none of the above
P2 Thomson's defense of abortion rights is best characterized as an
example of a:
A
. deontological approach to ethics
b. consequentialist approach to ethics
c. virtue theory approach to ethics
d. Catholic natural law approach to ethics
P3 A deontologist will believe that:
a. it is permissible to do evil to bring about a good end
b. the just act is the one that increases overall happiness
C
. people have great value that must be respected even if doing so lowers
overall societal happiness
d. rights are rules that should be followed because they will maximize the
overall happiness
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False P4
. Thomson’s approach to abortion is that of an average utilitarian
for it is based on the average happiness being less if women are compelled
to give birth.
True P5
. A virtue theorist believes that an abortion would be moral when
caused by a virtuous character and immoral when originating from a vice.
Beauchamp and Childress Questions
P6. Beauchamp and Childress believe that substitute judgment is
appropriate when:
a. a patient was never competent
b. a patient was incompetent but is now competent
C
. a patient was competent but is no longer
d. all of the above
P7. “Autonomy” means
a. informed consent
B
. self-determination
c. good death
d. good conscience
P8. Doctors most concerned with promoting patient autonomy would
favor:
a. the professional practice standard of disclosure.
b. the reasonable person standard of disclosure.
C
. the subjective standard of disclosure.
d. the theoretical standard of disclosure.
P9. The standard of disclosure that is typically the easiest for MDs to
provide given their training is:
A
. the professional practice standard of disclosure.
b. the reasonable person standard of disclosure.
c. the subjective standard of disclosure.
d. the best interests standard of disclosure.
P10. Which scenario best exemplifies the paternalistic model of the
doctor/patient relationship:
a. The patient agrees to a treatment in order to please her doctor
b. The patient understands the relevant medical options disclosed to her
and consents to the option that best conforms to her values.
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C
. The patient receives the treatment the doctor believes is best without the
patient giving her informed consent to such treatment
d. An incompetent patient is provided with treatment as dictated by her
advanced directive.
P11. Which of the following provides a reason to be skeptical of
advanced directives:
a. the patient did not have a good sense of what her future diseased
condition would be like.
b. the patient’s interests expressed in the advanced directive no longer exist
due to brain damage.
c. the patient wrote the advanced directive in ignorance of the treatments
available in the future
D
. All of the above
P12. Engaging in substitute judgment involves:
A
. imagining what treatment option the patient would have decided upon if
competent.
b. deciding what is in the best interests of the incompetent patient.
c. treating the patient as you would have wanted to be treated in that
scenario
d. treating the patient according to the reasonable person standard.
P13 Which scenario best characterizes the patient giving informed
consent?
a. The patient agrees to a treatment in order to please her doctor
B
. The patient understands the relevant medical options disclosed to her
and consents to the option that best conforms to her values.
c. The patient consents to the recommendation of the doctor for the doctor
has superior medical knowledge
d. An incompetent patient is provided with the treatment that she would
have agreed to if she had been full rational.
P14. Doctors concerned solely with avoiding malpractice law suits
would favor:
A
. the professional practice standard of disclosure
b. the reasonable person standard of disclosure
c. the subjective standard of disclosure
d. the theoretical standard of disclosure
True P15
. Informed Consent in a medical setting is often understood as the
patient being autonomous in regards to her dealings with doctors.
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False P16
. Frankfurt & Dworkin believe that a patient has made an
autonomous decision to have surgery if she does so to please her doctor
while desiring not to act upon desires to please authorities
True P17.
The happy or content addict poses a problem for a
Dworkin/Frankfurt-style two level account of autonomy.
True P18.
Doctors may have told patients the truth in the past not out of
respect for their autonomy but because they wanted a reputation as an
honest person
Fal
se
P19
The Hippocratic Oath was one of the few early documents to
prioritize patient autonomy
True P20
. One reason why Beauchamp and Childress reject the two levels
of desire account of autonomy is that second level desire may be produced
by manipulation or disease.
True P21
. Writing an advance directive is one way for a person to exercise
precedent autonomy.
True P22
. The prominent role of informed consent in medicine today is due
more to legal decisions by the courts than initiatives undertaken by medical
practitioners or bioethicists.
True P23
. An example of patient autonomy being at odds with their medical
well-being is a patient choosing to die rather than continue to live in an
undignified condition
False P24.
If doctors act paternalistically then they are likely to be
motivated more out of respect for the patient’s autonomy than by
considerations of beneficence and patient well-being.
False P25
. Patients with idiosyncratic (personally distinctive) interests and
values will have their autonomy enhanced if the subjective standard is
replaced with the reasonable patient standard.
Schuklenk and Smalling on Conscientious Refusals
P26. Schuklenk and Smalling believe conscientious objection in
medicine differs from that in war because:
A
. people voluntarily enter medicine while they are drafted into the military.
b. killing someone in war harms one’s moral integrity more than providing
medical procedures.
c. there are plenty of other soldiers that can take up the slack created by
the refusal to fight.
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d. all of the above
True P27.
The defining characteristic of a liberal political regime is that it
doesn’t impose a version of what is the good and flourishing life upon its
citizens.
True P28
. Schuklenk and Smalling believe that a liberal society must not
allow their health care providers’ religious views to limit their patients’
choices.
True P29
Schuklenk and Smalling believe that conscientious objection is
often bigotry in disguise.
False P30
. Schuklenk and Smalling believe that a liberal society should
never require doctors to act contrary to their consciences.
False P31
Schuklenk and Smalling believe that conscientious objection in
medicine is acceptable if doctors advertise what procedures they will not
provide so patients aren’t surprised during a visit
True P32
If medicine is pathocentric, then a conscientious objector can
refuse to abort, sterilize, or euthanize by appealing not to their beliefs as
say a Catholic or Muslim but as a medical professional.
False P33
. A pathocentric approach to medicine understands the nature of
medicine to be one of furthering the interests and overall well-being of
patients.
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