Post 5

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University of Maryland Global Campus (UMGC) *

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120

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Medicine

Date

Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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4

Uploaded by SuperKnowledge12086

1. Choose one of the following: the pharynx, trachea, the bronchial tree, or the alveoli and describe its role in respiration, it's unique structure (including what types of tissue are found here), and its location in the body using the correct anatomical terminology. 1. The respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues that help the human body breathe. It helps the body absorb oxygen from the air we breathe, as well as cleaning waste gases. Within the many parts of the respiratory system, the trachea’s main function is to carry air in and out of the lungs. Due to its flexible yet stiff tube, it provides a reliable pathway for oxygen to enter the human body. 2. The trachea, also referred to as the windpipe, is a tube about four inches long and less than one inch in diameter. It sits in our lower neck and upper chest, below the larynx. It runs from the larynx down behind the sternum. It then divides into two smaller tubes called bronchi, one bronchus for each lung. (UMGC) 3. The trachea is composed of 16 to 20 rings of c- shaped tough hyaline cartilage that are connected by dense connective tissue. The tissue found in the lines of the trachea is known as mucosa. (UMGC) 2. Describe three types of volume measurements that are taken during a spirometry exam using a spirometer and explain what they can indicate about a patient if the values are out of range. 1. Spirometers can measure three of four lung volumes; inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume. The residual volume is the only type of lung volume that can’t be measured via spirometers (ScienceDirect, 2017). It essentially measures how much air one intakes, how much one exhales and how quickly that air is being exhaled. 2. Spirometers results are measured in the Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) which could indicate restricted
breathing if the values are lower than normal range, as well as in the Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV) which helps assess the severity of breathing problems or obstructions (Mayo Clinic, 2017). 3. Gases are carried in the blood to and from the lungs in a variety of ways. Most people understand that hemoglobin carries the Oxygen molecules to your cells, but how does Carbon Dioxide return to the lungs? There are three methods discussed in the text, choose one method and explain how it moves CO 2 in the blood. 1. As stated earlier, the respiratory system is responsible for helping the body absorb oxygen from the air we breathe, as well as cleaning waste gases. 2. Once in the lungs, oxygen is transported into the bloodstream and carried throughout the body. At each cell in the body, oxygen is exchanged for a waste gas, carbon dioxide. The bloodstream will then carry this waste gas back to the lungs where is removed and then exhaled. This process is referred to as gas exchange. 3. One of the ways in which carbon dioxide molecules are transported in the blood stream from body tissue is by carbon dioxide binding to hemoglobin. When carbon dioxide binds to hemoglobin, a molecule called carbaminohemoglobin is formed. The binding of carbon dioxide is reversible, so when it reaches the lungs, the carbon dioxide can dissociate from the hemoglobin and be expelled from the body. (National Library of Medicine, 2022) 4. Choose either Asthma, Sleep Apnea, or COPD to discuss as a disruption to the respiratory system. Describe it's causes, symptoms, and treatments. 1. While there are several types of sleep apnea, the most common one is obstructive sleep apnea. It occurs when the throat muscles intermittently relax and block the airway during sleep. When the muscles relax, the airway narrows, hampering breathing for 10 seconds or longer; thus, lowering
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