geo3452 final video transcript

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School

Indian River State College *

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Course

3452

Subject

Medicine

Date

Apr 3, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

8

Uploaded by alyssahartman16

SLIDE 1: Hi. My name is Alyssa Hartman, and I will be presenting about hypertension, a global health problem. SLIDE 2: I’ll start by defining what hypertension is. Hypertension is the medical term for high blood pressure, which is determined by a blood pressure reading higher than 130/80. A normal blood pressure reading is typically around 120/80, and the stages of hypertension begin when the systolic, or top number, becomes 130 or higher. The chart pictured is from the American Heart Association, and it displays the stages of hypertension disease and the corresponding blood pressure readings. Having a higher blood pressure means that the pressure of blood against arterial walls is consistently too high, making the heart work harder to pump blood to the rest of the body. There is evidence of hypertensive awareness dating back as early as 2600 BCE, with major clinical recognition emerging globally in the early 1900s. Hypertension is historically a global health crisis, with major preventative treatment options arising in the 1900s. Despite these efforts in cardiology disease prevention, hypertension remains a global health issue today, especially in developing countries. SLIDE 3: There are various physical consequences of hypertension, also abbreviated as HTN, which include damage to the arteries, heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes, to
name a few. The most common severe physical consequences of hypertension are aneurysms, heart attacks, and strokes, which occur when arteries burst, are misshaped, or clotted from the high blood pressure in the arteries. These conditions are serious and can be fatal, making hypertension a deadly disease. Milder symptoms of HTN include headache, shortness of breath, and nosebleeds, but these symptoms generally only appear once the disease has progressed to critical stages. More often than not, there are no symptoms of hypertension, and you may live years unaware of the condition. According to the World Heart Federation, it is estimated that 1.3 billion people are affected by hypertension worldwide, with approximately 10 million people being killed by this disease each year. These numbers are alarmingly high, emphasizing that cases with hypertension as the cause of death make up more than 10% of the total of all deaths in the world annually. Many economic concerns surround hypertension due to the high cost of treatment for this chronic condition. In the United States alone, it is estimated that between 131 and 198 billion dollars are spent on high blood pressure each year. This estimation includes the healthcare treatment costs, medication costs, and productivity losses that result from premature death related to high blood pressure. SLIDE 4: A systematic study by the American Heart Association discovered that there are wide disparities in
the global distribution of hypertension. The map presented displays the prevalence of hypertension across the globe, and how this prevalence has changed from 2000 to 2010. It is important to note that the countries with the highest prevalence of hypertension are primarily low- and middle- income countries. Another important finding of this study was that from 2000 to 2010, there was approximately an 8% increase in hypertension prevalence in low- and middle-income countries. However, there was approximately a 3% decrease in hypertension prevalence amongst the high-income countries, highlighting the economic disparities in this disease. SLIDE 5: The GIS-based case study on hypertension that I am reviewing is titled “Residential Proximity to Major Roadways and Prevalent Hypertension Among Postmenopausal Women: Results From the Women's Health Initiative San Diego Cohort”. This study has been published in the Journal of the American Heart Association on October 1, 2014. The authors of this study are Kipruto Kirwa, Melissa Eliot, Yi Wang, Marc Adams, Cindy Morgan, Jacqueline Kerr, Gregory Norman, Charles Eaton, Matthew Allison and Gregory Wellenius. SLIDE 6: The objective of this study is to determine if there is an association between residential proximity to roadways and the prevalence of hypertension, specifically
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