Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics
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Grand Canyon University *
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Course
362V
Subject
Medicine
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
6
Uploaded by vandy559
Vandy Ek
Grand Canyon University
HLT-362V
Professor Wang
08/29/21
Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics
Article Citation and Permalink
(APA format)
Article 1
Freisling, H., Viallon, V., Lennon, H., Bagnardi, V., Ricci, C., Butterworth, A. S., ... & Ferrari, P. (2020). Lifestyle factors and risk of multi-morbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases: a multinational cohort study. BMC medicine
, 18
(1), 1-
11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1474-7.
Link: https://www.proquest.com/docview/2340749147/25B0AE6446BD4543PQ/1
Point
Description
Broad Topic Area/Title
The article focuses on the impact of lifestyle factors on disease incidence, which in the present case entails the determination of their association with multi-morbidity, combing cancer, and another illness.
Problem Statement
(What is the problem research
is addressing?)
The study focuses on the impact of lifestyle issues on disease incidence. In many cases, research has focused on the incidence of single illnesses. The present study seeks to go deeper, investigating the incidence of more than a single disease. Purpose Statement
(What is the purpose of the study?)
The primary aim of the research entails identifying the association between lifestyle and the occurrence of two or more illnesses in a single person. It seeks to understand
whether these factors can lead to cancer and another cardio-metabolic illness. Research Questions
(What questions does the research seek to answer?)
The article does not have a defined research question. However, it attempts to answer the questions concerning the link between lifestyle factors and the incidence of two or more illnesses. It determines whether these elements can cause cancer and
another illness in a single patient. Define Hypothesis (Or state the correct hypothesis based upon variables used)
The study does not state its hypothesis. However, its content suggests the following hypotheses. H
O
: Lifestyle factors can lead to multi-morbidity, leading to the incidence of cancer and other illness.
H
1
: Lifestyle factors do not have any association with multi-morbidity comprising cancer and another illness. Identify Dependent and Independent Variables and Type of Data for the Variables
Independent variables include lifestyle factors. The study lists BMI, smoking, and alcohol intake as some of them. Besides, diet and physical activity are the other elements. Dependent variables include the incidence of cancer as the first illness. Afterward, the study identified whether cardio-metabolic ailments occurred. The population of Interest for Study
The study population included adults in the UK. Its aims meant the choice of a population with the greatest vulnerability to harmful lifestyles and disease incidence.
Sample The study sampled participants from ten countries in Europe. Their age was between 35 and 70, consisting primarily of women. 520,000 individuals took part in the study, taking place between 1992 and 2000. Sampling Method The article does not indicate the sampling method utilized. However, a review of its methodology suggests a cohort approach. The study chose a cohort from the population of adults in 10 countries. Identify Data Collection
Identify how data were Investigators employed questionnaires to gather the relevant data. They aimed at numerical information, aligning with their research purpose.
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collected Summarize Data Collection Approach
Questionnaires helped determine pretest data on the chosen cohort. They were also utilized post-intervention to determine the changes in lifestyle and disease incidence.
Discuss Data Analysis
Include what types of statistical tests were used for the variables.
Researchers utilized two methods to analyze statistical data. First, they calculated hazard ratios among members of the group. They then went ahead to calculate cumulative incidence functions. These activities relied on a 95% CI. Summarize Results of Study
Lifestyle factors demonstrated their impact on the incidence of NCDs. However, alcohol consumption showed no link in type II diabetes causation. The study also illustrated the high likelihood of developing a second disease, CVD or TD2, after cancer due to lifestyle factors. Summary of Assumptions and
Limitations Identify the assumptions and limitations of the article.
Report other potential assumptions and limitations of
your review not listed by the author.
Assumptions in the study included the notion that NCDs offered a path towards cancer incidence. They also expected that healthy lifestyles could prevent or slow the
progression of cancer. Limitations of the study entailed the lack of consideration for modifiable behaviors after the study began. Since it occurred over ten years, participants must have altered their behaviors at some point. Ethical Considerations
Freisling et al.’s (2020) study had to abide by research ethics-related conditions in its completion. In all cases, health research has to adhere to rules that ensure their findings’ ethicality. First, the researchers should have sought permission to conduct research from the relevant bodies. Institutional review boards often serve the purposes of validating research. However, in this case, the validation was not simple since it involved ten European countries. Researchers had to seek the necessary authority from the concerned international board. According to Freisling et al. (2020), they did obtain the required permission from an international agency. Secondly, the selection and inclusion of participants in the project required their consent. These individuals needed to consent to their involvement after reviewing all the information about the study. The study met the condition, indicating that those involved were aware of the procedures and gave the necessary consent. Lastly, the privacy and confidentiality of both participant information and their responses were necessary. Safeguarding client information has always been a primary concern in the health field. Professionals should only share such data with authorized entities only. These regulations also apply in health research, where the research team should only access all information. In many cases, researchers should use pseudonyms to facilitate confidentiality. In other instances, omitting the names from the study helps promote the cause. An analysis of Freisling et al.’s (2020) study suggests that they omitted the names. This action illustrates their compliance with
all the necessary ethical considerations that were relevant to their study. Reference
Freisling, H., Viallon, V., Lennon, H., Bagnardi, V., Ricci, C., Butterworth, A. S., ... & Ferrari, P. (2020). Lifestyle factors and risk of multi-morbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases:
a multinational cohort study. BMC medicine
, 18
(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1474-7.
Your preview ends here
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