Upload document 31
docx
keyboard_arrow_up
School
Walden University *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
6501
Subject
Medicine
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
2
Uploaded by ColonelHornet2361
Explain Allergy immunotherapy
Bright et al. (2019) explains allergy immunotherapy as a method of assisting patients who allergy symptoms unmanageable by either avoiding the allergen itself or by taking allergy medications. These allergy shots are given to expose the patient to smaller amounts of the allergen over time, so that the immune system protects itself (Bright et al., 2019).
The role genetics plays in the disease
According to McCance and Huether (2019), depending on the type of allergy, genetics can play a role in a patient’s allergy severity. McCance and Huether also suggest it is very likely that if both the mother and father of a child have allergies, their child has a very high rate of suffering from allergies as well. At the cellular level in this situation, a type 1 allergen patient is likely to generate larger amounts of IgE as well as utilization of more receptors for the mast cells (McCance and Huether, 2019). Why the patient is presenting with the specific symptoms described
In the suggested scenario, we do not know if this is the patient’s first dose of allergy immunotherapy. The patient presented to the clinic, received the injection, and waited the allotted time of 30 minutes before leaving the clinic. However, no matter what number injection it is for the patient, it is imperative that patients wait at least 30 minutes prior to leaving the clinic. According to Bright et al.
(2019), most severe reactions take place approximately 30 minutes after the administration of allergy immunotherapy. As presented in the scenario, it seems likely that the 22-year-old male patient’s reaction was slightly delayed. Of note, there is a biphasic reaction discussed in Kraft et al. (2020) that tends to occur 24 hours or later after an initial adverse reaction. In this scenario, the adverse reaction appears to be the initial one for this patient. Difficulty swallowing, nausea, and feeling weak are all symptoms of a systemic anaphylactic reaction, as defined by McCance and Huether
(2019). A tripod position is typical in most patients I see with difficulty breathing which can also be a significant symptom of an anaphylactic reaction.
The physiologic response to the stimulus presented in the scenario and why you think this response occurred
In this scenario, the goal for the patient with allergy immunotherapy
treatment is to become desensitized to the allergens that are
typically from their environment. According to McCance and Huether (2019), when the patient is injected with the smaller amount of an allergen/antigen, the body attempts to protect itself by adapting over time. The patient’s physiologic response in this scenario seems to be an anaphylactic reaction. Anaphylaxis manifests as either systemic or localized (McCance and Huether, 2019). When this patient was exposed to the antigen, his body had this hypersensitive reaction that caused him to become hypotensive, tachycardic and tachypneic along with the symptoms listed in the scenario.
The cells that are involved in this process
As discussed again in McCance and Huether (2019) mast cells are typically the primary cells involved in a Type I allergy sensitivity. These mast cells create more receptors for the IgE antibody.
How another characteristic would change your response
In this situation, another characteristic that could change my response is genetics. More than likely, this patient was predisposed to this type of reaction due to a genetic component such as both his
mother and father having allergies. If this patient’s genetic predisposition did not cause him to create a large amount of the IgE
antibody, the desensitization process of allergy immunotherapy may have been more effective.
References:
Bright, D., Pollart, S. M., & Franko, J. (2019). Allergy immunotherapy: Who, what, when...and how safe?
The Journal of Family Practice
,
68
(5), 270–276.
Kraft, M., Scherer Hofmeier, K., Ruëff, F., Pföhler, C., Renaudin, J.-M.,
Bilò, M. B., Treudler, R., Lang, R., Cichocka-Jarosz, E., Fernandez-
Rivas, M., Christoff, G., Papadopoulos, N. G., Ensina, L. F., Hourihane, J. O., Maris, I., Koehli, A., García, B. E., Jappe, U., Vogelberg, C., … Worm, M. (2020). Risk factors and characteristics of biphasic anaphylaxis.
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
,
8
(10).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2020.07.036
Links to an
external site.
McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019).
Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children
(8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.
ReplyReply to Comment
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help