Learning_Assignment6A
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School
Central Georgia Technical College *
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Course
1011
Subject
Medicine
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
docx
Pages
9
Uploaded by HighnessDangerGuanaco7706
Question 1
8 out of 8 points
Match each heart valve with its proper location and its function
Question
Correct Match
Selected Match
At the junction of the right ventricle and the
pulmonary artery
C.
Pulmonary
semilunar valve
C.
Pulmonary
semilunar valve
Between the left atrium and left ventricle
B.
Mitral valve
B.
Mitral valve
Between the right atrium and right ventricle
A.
Tricuspid valve
A.
Tricuspid valve
At the junction of the left ventricle and the aorta
D.
Aortic semilunar
valve
D.
Aortic semilunar
valve
Prevents backflow of blood to the left ventricle
when the ventricle relaxes
D.
Aortic semilunar
valve
D.
Aortic semilunar
valve
Prevents backflow of blood to the left atrium when
the left ventricle contracts
B.
Mitral valve
B.
Mitral valve
Prevents backflow of blood to the right atrium when
the right ventricle contracts
A.
Tricuspid valve
A.
Tricuspid valve
Prevents backflow of blood to the right ventricle
when the ventricle relaxes
C.
Pulmonary
semilunar valve
C.
Pulmonary
semilunar valve
Question 2
10 out of 10 points
Trace the pathway of blood flow of one red blood cell -- from the point where oxygenated blood is
received by the heart to the myocardium to the point immediately prior to deoxygenated blood leaving
the heart
Correct Answer
Selected Answer
1.
left atrium
1.
left atrium
2.
left ventricle
2.
left ventricle
3.
ascending aorta
3.
ascending aorta
4.
right and left coronary
arteries
4.
right and left coronary
arteries
5.
smaller arteries
5.
smaller arteries
6.
myocardial capillaries
6.
myocardial capillaries
7.
coronary veins
7.
coronary veins
8.
8.
coronary sinus
coronary sinus
9.
right atrium
9.
right atrium
10.
right ventricle
10.
right ventricle
Question 3
10 out of 10 points
Which of the following statements are true of the cardiac cycle? (Read carefully and select all
of the
correct statements.)
Selected
Answers:
B.
Atrial systole is accompanied by ventricular diastole and is
followed by ventricular systole.
C.
Systole is the contraction phase, and diastole is the relaxation phase.
F.
The AV valves are closed by the contraction of the ventricles.
Correct
Answers:
B.
Atrial systole is accompanied by ventricular diastole and is
followed by ventricular systole.
C.
Systole is the contraction phase, and diastole is the relaxation phase.
F.
The AV valves are closed by the contraction of the ventricles.
Response
Feedback:
Atrial systole is accompanied by ventricular diastole and is
followed by ventricular systole.
Systole is the contraction phase, and diastole is the
relaxation phase.
The AV valves are closed by the contraction of the
ventricles.
Question 4
5 out of 5 points
Put the parts of the cardiac conduction pathway in order.
Correct Answer
Selected Answer
1.
SA Node
1.
SA Node
2.
AV Node
2.
AV Node
3.
AV Bundle (Bundle of
His)
3.
AV Bundle (Bundle of
His)
4.
Right and left bundle
branches
4.
Right and left bundle
branches
5.
5.
Purkinje fibers
Purkinje fibers
Question 5
4 out of 5 points
When blood pressure to the brain decreases, a reflex arc serves to restore the blood pressure to
normal. Put the steps of the arc in order, beginning with the stimulus.
Correct Answer
Selected Answer
1.
blood pressure to the brain decreases
1.
blood pressure to the brain is raised to
normal
2.
detection by pressoreceptors in the carotid
sinuses
2.
detection by pressoreceptors in the carotid
sinuses
3.
fewer sensory impulses are sent to medulla
along Cranial Nerves IX
3.
fewer sensory impulses are sent to medulla
along Cranial Nerves IX
4.
accelerator center is stimulated to generate
impulses
4.
accelerator center is stimulated to generate
impulses
5.
motor impulses travel along sympathetic
nerves to SA node, AV node, and ventricular
myocardium
5.
motor impulses travel along sympathetic
nerves to SA node, AV node, and ventricular
myocardium
6.
heart rate and force of contraction increases
6.
heart rate and force of contraction increases
7.
blood pressure to the brain is raised to
normal
7.
blood pressure to the brain decreases
8.
inhibitory center sends parasympathetic
impulses along vagus nerves
8.
inhibitory center sends parasympathetic
impulses along vagus nerves
9.
parasympathetic impulses reach the SA and
AV nodes of the heart
9.
parasympathetic impulses reach the SA and
AV nodes of the heart
10.
heart rate slows to normal resting pace
10.
heart rate slows to normal resting pace
Question 6
2 out of 2 points
The outermost of the pericardial membranes is the:
Selected Answer:
B.
fibrous
pericardium
Correct Answer:
B.
fibrous
pericardium
Question 7
2 out of 2 points
Each normal heartbeat is initiated by the:
Selected Answer:
C.
SA
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node
Correct Answer:
C.
SA
node
Question 8
2 out of 2 points
The function of the serous fluid of the pericardial membranes is to:
Selected Answer:
A.
prevent friction as the
heart beats
Correct Answer:
A.
prevent friction as the
heart beats
Question 9
2 out of 2 points
The purpose of the coronary vessels is to:
Selected Answer:
B.
supply the heart with
oxygenated blood
Correct Answer:
B.
supply the heart with
oxygenated blood
Question 10
2 out of 2 points
The endocardium lines the chambers of the heart and:
Selected Answer:
B.
is smooth to prevent abnormal clotting
within the heart
Correct Answer:
B.
is smooth to prevent abnormal clotting
within the heart
Question 11
2 out of 2 points
The centers that regulate heart rate are located in the:
Selected Answer:
A.
medul
la
Correct Answer:
A.
medul
la
Question 12
2 out of 2 points
The normal heart sounds are caused by:
Selected Answer:
D.
closure of the
valves
Correct Answer:
D.
closure of the
valves
Question 13
2 out of 2 points
Changes in blood pressure are detected by:
Selected Answer:
A.
pressoreceptors in the carotid and
aortic sinuses
Correct Answer:
A.
pressoreceptors in the carotid and
aortic sinuses
Question 14
2 out of 2 points
The hormone ANH increases the loss of ________________ in urine to decrease blood volume and
blood pressure.
Selected Answer:
B.
sodium ions and
water
Correct Answer:
B.
sodium ions and
water
Question 15
2 out of 2 points
The first part of the cardiac conduction pathway ini the ventricles is the:
Selected Answer:
A.
bundle of
His
Correct Answer:
A.
bundle of
His
Question 16
2 out of 2 points
The difference between resting cardiac output and maximum exercise cardiac output is called the:
Selected Answer:
C.
cardiac
reserve
Correct Answer:
C.
cardiac
reserve
Question 17
10 out of 10 points
Which of the following statements regarding the anatomy of the heart are true and which are false?
Question
Correct
Match
Selected
Match
The chordae tendineae and the papillary muscles anchor the
free edges of the AV valves.
A.
True
A.
True
The function of the fibrous skeleton of the heart is to keep the
thin-walled atria open at all times.
B.
False
B.
False
The epicardium lines the heart and prevents blood clotting
within the chambers.
B.
False
B.
False
The right atrium receives blood from the lower and upper body.
A.
A.
True
True
Blood to the body is pumped by the left ventricle into the aorta.
A.
True
A.
True
The six pulmonary veins empty into the left atrium.
B.
False
B.
False
The coronary vessels supply blood to the myocardium.
A.
True
A.
True
The lungs are lateral to the heart, and the diaphragm is inferior.
A.
True
A.
True
The fibrous pericardium is the innermost of the pericardial
membranes.
B.
False
B.
False
The bundle of His is located in the upper interatrial septum.
B.
False
B.
False
Question 18
10 out of 10 points
Which of the following statements regarding the physiology of the heart are true and which are false?
Question
Correct
Match
Selected
Match
Cardiac output equals stroke volume divided by pulse.
B.
False
B.
False
The heart is a double pump, and both pumps work
simultaneously.
A.
True
A.
True
The action potential through the myocardium stimulates the
mechanical contraction of the chambers of the heart.
A.
True
A.
True
Only half of the blood that flows from the ventricles to the
arteries is pumped.
B.
False
B.
False
All of the blood that flows from the atria to the ventricles must be
pumped.
B.
False
B.
False
ANP is secreted by the atria in response to a higher blood
volume.
A.
True
A.
True
Impulses along the vagus nerves slow the heart rate.
A.
True
A.
True
Ventricular systole closes the arterial semilunar valves.
B.
False
B.
False
The cardiac centers of the CNS are located in the hypothalamus.
B.
False
B.
False
The AV node has the fastest natural rate of depolarization.
B.
False
B.
False
Question 19
5 out of 5 points
State the locations of arterial pressoreceptors and chemoreceptors, what they detect, and their sensory
nerves. (p. 288)
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Selected
Answer:
Baroreceptors, also known as pressoreceptors or pressoreceptive sensors, are located in
the aortic arch and carotid sinus, where the external and internal carotid arteries split.
They sense blood pressure and transmit the information to the brain, allowing for the
maintenance of healthy blood pressure.
Hypoxemia (low levels of oxygen in the blood) and hypercapnia (abnormally high levels of
carbon dioxide in the blood) are detected by the arterial chemoreceptors (CBs) in the
aortic and carotid organs. Since hypoxia serves as a specific stimulation to arterial
chemoreceptors, central chemoreceptors frequently respond to hypoxia. Peripheral
chemoreceptors play a fundamental role in maintaining heart and respiratory system
homeostasis by regulating blood-borne chemical concentrations.
Mechanoreceptors are sensory nerve endings that can differentiate between different
vibrations. The walls of blood arteries (sometimes referred to as baroreceptors) and
hollow interior organs both include vibration sensors. In the subcutaneous tissue, there
are receptors that are frequently referred to as pain receptors that are activated by
pressure on the skin and in the skeletal muscles (typically referred to as proprioceptors).
Chemoreceptors experience these electrical changes as a result of the chemical. The
earliest alterations, referred to as receptor potentials, are brought on by positively
charged ions (such as sodium ions) passing into the cell through holes in the cell
membrane known as ion channels.
Correct
Answer:
Arterial pressoreceptors are located in the carotid sinus and aortic sinus; they detect
changes in blood pressure. Arterial chemoreceptors are located in the carotid body and
aortic body; they detect changes in blood oxygen, pH, and CO
2
levels. The
glossopharyngeal nerves are sensory for the carotid receptors. The vagus nerves are
sensory for the aortic receptors.
Response
Feedback:
[None Given]
Question 20
5 out of 5 points
Explain why the heart is considered a double pump. Trace the path of blood from the right
atrium back to the right atrium, naming the chambers of the heart, the valves, and the vessels
through which blood passes. (p.281)
Selected
Answer:
The pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation are two separate but connected
circulatory systems that the heart pumps blood through, earning it the moniker "double
pump."
1. Pulmonary Circulation: Through the superior and inferior vena cava, deoxygenated
blood from the body enters the right atrium of the heart. The tricuspid valve then allows
the blood to enter the right ventricle. Blood is pumped out of the right ventricle and
through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery, which then transports the blood to
the lungs for oxygenation.
2. Systemic Circulation: The oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the left atrium of the
heart through the pulmonary veins. The left ventricle receives the blood after it passes
through the mitral valve. Blood is pumped from the left ventricle into the aorta, where it is
distributed to the rest of the body by the aortic valve.
The deoxygenated blood then returns to the right atrium as the cycle is repeated, giving
the heart a double pump.
The aortic arch and carotid sinuses both include baroreceptors, which are sensors for
arterial pressure. The aortic baroreceptors and carotid baroreceptors sense variations in
blood pressure and transmit signals to the brain via the vagus nerve and
glossopharyngeal nerve, respectively.
Chemoreceptors are found in the aortic bodies (at the aortic arch) and carotid bodies (at
the bifurcation of the carotid arteries), which sense changes in the concentration of
specific chemicals (such oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH levels). They use the vagus
nerve (for the aortic bodies) and glossopharyngeal nerve (for the carotid bodies) to
communicate with the brain.
Correct
Answer:
which blood passes. (p.281)
The heart is a double pump, because the right side receives blood from the body and
pumps it to the lungs; the left side receives blood from the lings and pumps it to the body.
Right atrium – tricuspid valve – right ventricle- pulmonary semilunar valve – pulmonary
artery – lungs – pulmonary veins – left atrium – mitral (bicuspid) valve – left ventricle –
aortic semilunar valve – aorta – body – superior/inferior vena cava – right atrium.
Response
Feedback:
[None Given]
Question 21
5 out of 5 points
Explain how movement of blood from atria to ventricles differs from movement of blood from ventricles
to arteries. (p. 284)
Selected
Answer:
Most blood moves passively from the atria to the ventricles, but all blood is actively
pumped from the ventricles into the arteries. The atria contract to pump the remaining
blood into the ventricles after the atrial blood has passively flowed into them for two thirds
of it.
The left and right atria and left and right ventricles make up the top and lower chambers,
respectively, of the heart. A series of valves and the heart's muscular contraction and
relaxation control the blood flow between these chambers.
1. Blood flow from the atria to the ventricles: Blood fills the atria as the heart muscle
relaxes. The atrioventricular valves (between the atria and ventricles) open as the
pressure inside the filling atria increases. This enables passive blood flow into the
ventricles, which accounts for around two-thirds of ventricular filling. The final third of the
blood is subsequently forced into the ventricles as a result of the atria contracting. Atrial
systole is the term for this.
2. Blood flow from ventricles to arteries: When the ventricles are full, an event known as
ventricular systole occurs, which causes the ventricles to contract. The semilunar valves
(between the ventricles and arteries) are forced to open by this contraction, which is a
strong, active mechanism that pushes blood into the arteries. The remainder of the body
and the lungs subsequently receive this blood.
Correct
Answer:
Two-thirds of the total blood flows passively from atria to ventricles; active pumping is
only required for the last third. However, all blood must be actively pumped by the
ventricles into the arteries.
Response
Feedback:
[None Given]
Question 22
5 out of 5 points
Name the parts, in order, of the cardiac conduction pathway. Explain why it is the SA node that
generates each heartbeat. State a normal range of heart rate for a healthy adult. (pp. 284-285)
Selected
Cardiac conduction system pathway (in order):
1.Sinoatrial node
Answer:
2.Internodal atrial pathway
3.Atrioventricular node
4.Bundle of His
5.Bundle branches
6.Purkinje fibers
The action potential and excitation signal are produced by the Sinoatrial Node. The upper
right atrium, where the superior vena cava enters, is home to this group of specialized
pacemaker cells. They produce electrical impulses on demand, allowing for the fastest
electrical depolarization and establishing the normal/regular heartbeat and rhythm. As a
result, the SA node is regarded as the heart's natural pacemaker.
According to the American Heart Association, an adult's normal heart rate should be
between 60 and 100 beats per minute. The adult's age and gender, though, can still affect
this in different ways.
Correct
Answer:
SA node – AV node – AV Bundle (of His) – bundle branches - Purkinje fibers. The SA
node has the most rapid natural rate of contraction in the myocardium (more permeable
to sodium ions, depolarizes most rapidly). A normal pulse rate for a healthy adult ranges
from 60 -80 beats per minute.
Response
Feedback:
[None Given]
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