Introduction to Perfusion Learning Activity
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School
Indiana University, Purdue University, Indianapolis *
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Course
H371
Subject
Medicine
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
docx
Pages
3
Uploaded by ConstableRoseAntelope232
Introduction to Perfusion Learning Activity
Assessment Review
Complete the table below describing the cause or meaning of each perfusion assessment and an
example of a patient who may present with the abnormal finding.
Abnormal
What does it mean?
Example of a patient
Jugular venous distention
Distended neck veins
A patient with right-sided heart
failure.
Cyanosis
Bluish discoloration of skin due
to poor circulation or
inadequate oxygenation.
A pt. may have reduced blood
flow from HF.
Heart Murmur
Turbulent sounds occurring
between normal heart sounds.
Pt with a heart valve disorder.
S1S2
High-pitched scratchy sound
heard during S1 and/or S2 at
the apex.
Patient with pericarditis
Thready Pulse
Weak, slowly rising pulse easily
obliterated by pressure
Pt with an aortic valve disease
Irregular Pulse
Regularly irregular or irregularly
irregular skipped beats
Pt with dysrhythmias
Cap refill >3 sec
Blanching of nail bed for >3 sec
after release of pressure
Pt with reduced arterial
capillary perfusion
Pitting edema
Visible finger indentation after
application of firm pressure.
Patient with cardio disease or
hypothyroidism.
Perfusion Components
Complete the table below related to the assessment and interventions for each of the components of
Perfusion. Give an example of a type of patient who may have impairment in each of the components.
Component
Example of
Patient
Focused
Assessment
Finding
Nursing
Interventions
Expected
Outcome
Increased Preload
Pt with
hypovolemic
shock
Checking BP/HR
Give ace
inhibitors.
Patient will
maintain good
perfusion.
Decreased
Preload
Patients with
congestive heart
failure
Checking BP/HR
Give the patient
diuretics and
nitroglycerin.
Increased urine
output, decrease
in peripheral
edema, BP/HR
within normal
limits
Increased
Afterload
Patients with
aortic stenosis
Check BP/HR
Give vasodilators.
Lower BP
Decreased
Afterload
Pt with
arrhythmias.
Check BP/HR
Give vasodilators.
Lower BP
Diagnostic Studies for Perfusion
There are many medical and nursing assessment to determine the cause of a perfusion issue. Comment
of these specific diagnostic test below and include nursing considerations.
Diagnostic Studies
Indication for test? What type
of patient?
Nursing Care and Consideration
Cardiac biomarkers
They are released after injury
to cardiac muscle. C-reactive
protein mar inflammation. Its
increase can mean HF.
Monitor patient temp and
peripheral pulses frequency.
Serum lipids
Triglycerides fatty acid
elevation is associated with
cardiovascular diseases.
Cholesterol is also a risk factor
associated with this.
Take statin meds and for patient
to eat low fat diet and include
diet and exercise.
Chest Xray
Can show cardiac size and
shape as well as fluid around
the heart and lungs and
changes in the aorta.
Tell the pt. to hold their breath
during the exposure and no food
and restrict medications.
Stress test
This test shows if a patient has
angina and ACS.
Instruct the patient to fast and
restrict fluids.
Echocardiogram
This assesses the structures in
Avoid food and drink for a few
the heart as well as the
pumping of the heart with
patient who have heart failure.
hours before the test.
b-type natriuretic peptide
(BNP)
Seen in patients with HF. BNP
goes up when the heart cannot
pump the way it should.
Do an assessment prior to the
test.
12 lead EKG
Leads can analyze the electrical
impulses in the heart. A change
in this can indicate that the
patient has angina and ACS.
Ensure the position of the
electrodes are in the correct
place and record the accurate
data.
TEE
Used to assess the valves and
endocarditis. IT can also detect
clots in heart.
Explain the procedure, get pt.
consent, and check the IV line.
Cardiac Catherization/
angiography
This is used to establish cardio
toxicity of drugs as well as
establishing viable tissue and
non-viable.
Watch BUN and CR due to the
dye load and check for shellfish
allergies or iodine.
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