3-2 prevention program
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Date
Feb 20, 2024
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3-2 PREVENTION PROGRAM
NATALIA WOLAK
Adolescents are individuals between the ages of 10-19. During this period, a majority will attend middle and high school. The brain is continuing to develop, even beyond the age of 19. Adolescents are susceptible to nicotine addiction. As their brains are in the process of development, they are impressionable. It is also important to consider the lack of education in not only the adolescents, but also the adults around them. Adolescents and their parents were unaware that the e-cigarettes their children were using contained nicotine. Social media and surrounding peers are the main source of information for most teens (Jones and Salzman, 2020). E-cigarette companies often target their advertisements towards this audience through social media outlets. Flavored tobacco products are reported to be “one of the most important factors adolescence consider in trying e-
cigarettes” (Jones and Salzman, 2020). The repeated use of nicotine products damages the brains’ ability to control impulsive behavior. The more the individual participates in the consumption of nicotine, the more damage is caused to the brain, making it harder to control impulsive behavior.
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TARGET POPULATION: ADOLESCENTS
Adolescents are individuals between the ages of 10-19
o
The brain is continuing to develop
Flavored tobacco products along with their advertisments are extremely appealing to adolescents
o
Companies are targeting this populatin through social media advertisments
o
Packaging, flavoring, and advertisments are appealing to age group
Most middle and high school students are frequently using e-cigarrettes
Many misconceptions
o
Ex. E-cigarettes are less harmful than traditional cigarettes
by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.
This Photo
by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.
“Nicotine is an addictive substance known to alter brain development” (Do, 2022). This substance is considered to be as addictive as cocaine and heroin, making it difficult for individuals to quit (Ben-Joseph, 2024). Nicotine temporarily stimulates the brain and its receptors, causing one to feel more alert and attentive. In order to consume the substance, individuals most commonly inhale smoke from combustible cigarettes and electronic cigarettes. Electronic cigarettes have been found to contain higher percentages of nicotine. For example, JUUL pods contain 5% of nicotine which is the equivalent of twenty combustible cigarettes (Jones and Salzman, 2020). With the convenience of an e-cigarette and the high percentage of nicotine, individuals are more susceptible to becoming addicted as well as dependent. Adolescence are at risk for nicotine addiction as it has been normalized and deemed socially acceptable to vape rather than smoke a cigarette. Biologically, “teens have also been shown to be more susceptible to addiction” as their brain is continuing to mature (Jones and Salzman, 2020). Along with causing damage to the brain, nicotine also damages the way synapses form. This means that when an individual consumes nicotine, they are creating new synapses that indicate this new behavior. It becomes harder to unlearn this behavior, leading to an increased risk in addiction.
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SUBSTANCE: NICOTINE
"Nicotine is an addictive substance known to alter brain development" (Do, 2022)
o
Stimulant
o
Specifically harmful to adolescence
Considered to be highly addictive
Commonly consumed through smoking combustable cigarettes, electronic cigarettes,and other tobacco products
o
E-cigarettes have been found to have higher percents of nicotine compared to combustable cigarettes
Adolescents are at risk for developing a nicotine addiction
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"E-CIGARETTES ARE EFFECTIVELY HELPING TO CREATE A NEW GENERATION ADDICTED TO NICOTINE"
~JONES AND SALZMAN, 2020
For thousands of years, nicotine has been utilized by humans through the tobacco plant. Native populations were said to have chewed and smoked the tobacco leaves. As more of the world became established, tobacco was introduced and consumed throughout these population. It was even reported that tobacco contained medicinal properties, leading to its introduction in France. Early U.S. colonies considered tobacco their primary “cash crop” and currency (Dani and Balfour, 2011). With the invention of the cigarette roller, billions of cigarettes were created and sold each year by the early 1900's (Dani and Balfour, 2011). During the 1950’s, smoking tobacco was linked causing various diseases including lung cancer. As a result, Congress passed the Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act, requiring all cigarette packs to include warning labels on the packaging.
While tobacco was on the rise, the active ingredients in it were studied. By 1971, the addictive alkaloid- nicotine- was recognized as an addictive substance.
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HISTORY OF NICOTINE: TOBACCO
Nicotine has been used all over the world for thousands of years
o
Native populations chewed and smoked tobacco leaves
By the early 1900's,billions of cigarettes were sold each year
Nicotine- the active ingredient in tobacco- began to be further researched
o
By 1971, smoking was recognized as an addiction to nicotine
This Photo
by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND.
As the harmful effects of cigarettes and other tobacco-based products came to light, companies were looking for ways individuals can continue to consume nicotine without the harmful chemicals. Electronic cigarettes were originally created to help patients quip smoking combustible cigarettes. Over the past 20 years, there has been a decrease in cigarette use by teenagers (Jones and Salzman, 2020). Although there has been a decrease, there has been a significant increase in teenagers using electronic cigarettes. By 2018, about 1.3 million teenagers were reported to be using electronic cigarettes. Because e-cigarettes were seen as a treatment for smoking tobacco, there were little regulations made. By 2016, Congress passed the Child Nicotine Poisoning Prevention Act to regulate e-cigarette packaging (Jones and Salzman, 2020). These electronic cigarettes are reported to have higher levels of nicotine contents in them, as well as other additives and chemicals. Adolescents find the abundance of flavors in e-cigarettes to be appealing, adding to the risk of addiction. There are still little to no federal laws or regulations surrounding the accuracy of labels on vape packages and the chemicals found in the products.
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HISTORY OF NICOTINE: E-
CIGARETTES
E-cigarettes were originally created to help patients quit smoking combustible cigarettes
In the past 20 years, there has been a decrease in cigarette use by teenagers
o
Increase in electronic cigarette use
There were little regulations made
Today, there have been very little laws and regulations put in place surrounding e-cigarettes
This Photo
by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.
This Photo
by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND.
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Nicotine has great impacts on the adolescent population as well as their brain development.
Frequent use of nicotine has been found to damage the frontal cortex, especially in adolescents with developing brains. When nicotine is introduced into the system, “it can harm parts of the brain that control attention, learning, mood, and impulse control” (Do, 2022). Along with causing damage to the brain, nicotine also damages the way synapses form. This means that when an individual consumes nicotine, they are creating new synapses that indicate this new behavior. It becomes harder to unlearn this behavior, leading to an increased risk in addiction and continued use (CDC, 2023). It has been reported that up to 90% of adults that smoke daily started before the age of 18 (Jones and Salzman, 2020). Adolescents that engage in smoking nicotine-based products are more likely to continue using into their adult life. It has also been found that teens who actively used nicotine products had an increased risk of “physical fighting, attempted suicide, and alcohol/marijuana use” (Jones and Salzman, 2020). Nicotine has also had a social impact among the adolescent population. It is widely accepted and normalized, and even catered to their interested. As mentioned before, e-cigarettes often consist of wide ranges of flavors that are appealing to this group of people (CDC, 2022). Being new to the market compared to combustible cigarettes, new information concerning the health impacts are on the rise. Considering approximately 71% of middle and high school 7
IMPACTS
Adolescent brain development
o
Frequent use damages frontal cortext
More likely to smoke as an adult
Increased risk of behavior changes
Has become socially acceptable
students have reported using e-cigarettes twenty days out of the month, there is a vaping epidemic forming in front of our eyes (Do, 2022).
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SOURCES
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC. (2022, November 10).
Youth and tobacco use
. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/youth_data/tobacco_use/index.htm
Dani, J. A., & Balfour, D. J. (2011). Historical and current perspective on tobacco use and nicotine addiction.
Trends in neurosciences
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(7), 383
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392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2011.05.001
Dobbs, P. D., Hodges, E. J., Dunlap, C. M., & Cheney, M. K. (2020). Addiction vs. dependence: A mixed methods analysis of young adult JUUL users.
Addictive Behaviors
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, 106402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106402
Do, E. K., Tulsiani, S., Vallone, D. M., & Hair, E. C. (2022). Transitions in Frequent to Daily Tobacco and Nicotine Use among Youth and Young Adults.
Substance Use & Misuse
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(11), 1681
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1687.
https://doi-org.ezproxy.snhu.edu/10.1080/10826084.2022.2107674
Jones, K., & Salzman, G. A. (2020). The Vaping Epidemic in Adolescents.
Missouri medicine
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, November 15).
Quick Facts on the Risks of E-cigarettes for Young People
.
https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/Quick-Facts-on-the-Risks-of-E-cigarettes-for-Kids-Teens-and-Young-
Adults.html#:~:text=Young%20people%27s%20brains%20build%20synapses
Nemours KidsHealth
. (n.d.). Kidshealth.org
What Is Nicotine? (for Parents) - . https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/drugs-
nicotine.html#:~:text=What%20Does%20Nicotine%20Do%3F
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