Heart Disease
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Nov 24, 2024
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Heart Disease: Coronary Artery Disease
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Heart Disease: Coronary Artery Disease
Etiology
Coronary artery disease is one of the most common type of heart disease. This disease
occurs when the coronary arteries responsible for supplying the heart with blood fail to perform
their role effectively. The etiology of coronary artery disease is multifactorial. But usually, the
main cause of coronary artery is the deposition of plaque; build-up of cholesterol or fatty
materials in the coronary arteries, blocking the blood flow to the heart (Malakar et al., 2019).
This process of plaque build-up is known as atherosclerosis. When plaque builds up in these
arteries, they result in inflammation, causing the plaques to rapture, filling in the walls of the
arteries and narrowing the blood pathway. When this process occurs, an individual experiences
chest discomfort, shortness of breath, and other symptoms such as pain in shoulders and body
weakness (Malakar et al., 2019).
Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors
Modifiable risk factors are those that a person can control to prevent the development of
a disease or its progression. The risk factors for coronary artery disease that one can control are
overweight, smoking, poor diet, and high blood pressure. In Malakar et al., (2019) study,
smoking doubles an individual’s risk of dying and suffering as a result of coronary artery disease.
Thus, ceasing smoking can minimize the risks of this heart disease. Non-modifiable risk factors
for coronary artery disease include a person’s gender, age, sex, genetics, and ethnic background.
For instance, older persons are more likely to develop coronary artery disease than younger
people. Also, a person whose family has a history of coronary artery disease is at a higher risk of
developing this disease than one who does not have family history of CAD (Malakar et al.,
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2019). While it is impossible to change non-modifiable risk factors, modifiable risk factors
present people with a chance to reduce the development of CAD.
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Reference
Malakar, A., Choudhury, D., Halder, B., Paul, P., Uddin, A., & Chakraborty, S. (2019). A review
on coronary artery disease, its risk factors, and therapeutics.
Journal of Cellular
Physiology
,
234
(10), 16812-16823. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.28350