Lab #3 Report

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University Of Arizona *

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447

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Mechanical Engineering

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Jan 9, 2024

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McKenna Nichols BME 447 Loeffler 20 September 2023 Chapter 4 Lab Report: Temperature Sensors Results Task 1: Thermistor Not Holding with Finger 𝑅 1 Measure 𝑅 1 41 k Measure 𝑅 2 0.954 k Calculated Theoretical 𝑉 ??? 𝑉 ??? = 𝑉 𝑖? ( 𝑅 2 𝑅 1 +𝑅 2 ) 𝑉 ??? = 12 ( 954 41000+954 ) = 0. 273 𝑉 Measure 𝑉 ??? 0.33 V Holding with Finger 𝑅 1 Measure 𝑅 1 21.4 k Measure 𝑅 2 0.954 k Calculated Theoretical 𝑉 ??? 𝑉 ??? = 𝑉 𝑖? ( 𝑅 2 𝑅 1 +𝑅 2 ) 𝑉 ??? = 12 ( 954 21400+954 ) = 0. 512 𝑉 Measure 𝑉 ??? 0.65 V
Task 2: Zener Diode Temperature Sensor Measured Resistance of 1 Not Touching Zener Diode Measured 𝑉 ? ( ) 𝑉 ??335 Measured 𝑉 ?? Calculated 𝐼 ??335 1.23 0 0 1.30 0.0001 0.0000714 1.42 0.0002 0.0001429 1.53 0.0003 0.0002143 1.68 0.0004 0.0002857 1.81 0.0004 0.0002857 2.00 0.0004 0.0002857 2.10 0.0004 0.0002857 2.25 0.0005 0.0003571 2.49 0.0005 0.0003571 2.78 0.0004 0.0002857 2.91 0.0006 0.0004286 2.92 0.0010 0.0007143 2.93 0.0011 0.0007857 2.94 0.002 0.0014286 Touching Zener Diode Measured 𝑉 ? ( ) 𝑉 ??335 Measured 𝑉 ?? Calculated 𝐼 ??335 0.80 0 0 0.90 0.0001 0.0000714
1.16 0.0002 0.0001429 1.30 0.0002 0.0001429 1.50 0.0002 0.0001429 1.70 0.00035 0.0002500 1.67 0.00085 0.0006071 1.81 0.0022 0.0015714 2.00 0.003 0.0021429 2.26 0.003 0.0021429 2.50 0 0
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Discussion For the first task of this lab, we began by measuring the values of both resistors. The first resistor in this scenario was the thermistor ( and the second resistor was a resistor. 30 𝑘Ω) 1 𝑘Ω From here we set up the following circuit to utilize for the rest of this task: From here we use the voltage divider equation, , to calculate the theoretical 𝑉 ??? = 𝑉 𝑖? ( 𝑅 2 𝑅 1 +𝑅 2 ) value for the voltage output. Once we had this value, we compared it to the value we got after measuring the voltage output. The theoretical value and the measured value of voltage output were 0.273 V and 0.33 V respectively. After doing this once, we will repeat these steps while holding the thermistor in our fingers. The theoretical value and the measured value we obtained after repeating these steps while holding were 0.512 V and 0.65 V respectively. The goal of 𝑅 1 holding the thermistor within your fingers is to increase the temperature. From our results, we did see that an increase in temperature caused from our fingers did make the voltage output increase as well. Based on our measured results, we can conclude that the thermistor shows a nonlinear and inversely proportional relationship in response to an increase in temperature due to contact with the fingers.
In the second task of this lab, we began by measuring the resistance of the resistor. 1 Ω We then set up the following circuit: We then used the potentiometer to vary the output voltages. By measuring and we were 𝑉 ? 𝑉 ?? able to calculate . These values can be seen in the results section under task 2. From here 𝐼 ??335 we were able to plot ( with respect to to see the relationship between the current 𝑉 ? 𝑉 ??335 ) 𝐼 ??335 and the voltage output through the zener diode temperature sensor. By holding the zener diode with your finger, the temperature should increase. This will result in a higher voltage from . 𝑉 ? Based on the graphs shown in the results section of this lab, the voltage output when we held the zener diode was higher than the voltage output when we did not hold the zener diode. However, the voltage output is supposed to remain constant when the zener diode is being held. Our data did not show this trend and instead showed a similar trend to when the zener diode was not being held. This could be due to the fact that the room we were in was very cold and therefore our fingers may not have been as warm as the example data. This means that the increase in temperature was not as great and therefore the voltage output was not what we expected.
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Review Questions 4.1 Apply a current higher than 5 mA to the circuit, so that the LM335 self-heats. Assume that the voltage output is 3.10 V. What will happen to the output voltage if you hold this self-heated LM335 with your finger? Assume your finger temperature is 300 K. T0 - room temperature T - reference temperature 𝑉 ??? = 𝑉 ???(𝑇0) 𝑇 𝑇0 𝑉 ???(𝑇0) = 3. 10𝑉 𝑉 ??? = (3. 10) 300 ? 2296.15 ? 𝑉 ??? = 3. 14 𝑉 Output Voltage is 3.14 Volts.