LAB REPORT 3

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Tulane University *

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1220

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Mechanical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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Dean Taylor 6/7/23 PHY 133 L69 TA: Chamathka Thotamuna Wijewardhana The Force of Friction

Introduction: The force of friction is one that moves opposite to sliding motion. The goal of this lab report is to measure how friction changes with mass and to draw conclusions from collected data. While there are two key types of friction (static and kinetic), this lab will focus only on determining kinetic friction by an increasing mass of the IO Device and determining the coefficient of kinetic friction for a given surface. Prior to the movement of an object, static friction is in effect. If an object is in movement the force due to friction is described as being kinetic. The IO Device will be used to determine varying masses and accelerations with a given mass in order to solve for a coefficient of friction. It is expected that as mass increases, force of friction increases as well while the coefficient of kinetic friction should not change. The following equations will be used to make this determination: ࠵? = ࠵?࠵? ࠵? ! = ࠵?࠵? Procedure: Determination of Mass: 1. Ensure the USB is plugged in and the IO Device is powered on 2. Use the screw attachment on the force sensor 3. Place the IO Device such that the y-axis points towards the floor 4. Press record, wait 1 second, and lift the device by the screw (hold in place for a couple seconds) 5. Place the device down and press stop 6. Use the analysis tool to record mean acceleration prior to the lift as well as mean force during the lift 7. Use the formulas above to solve for the mass Finding Deceleration and Force Due to Friction 1. Ensure the USB is plugged in and the IO Device is powered on 2. Attach the plate attachment to the force sensor 3. Place the IO Device on face up (such that the “IO Lab” label faces the ceiling) 4. Press record and push the device from the plate in the “y-direction” 5. After the graph returns to its original values, press stop. 6. Use analysis mode to find the acceleration just after the applied force 7. Note this figure and use the equations found above in conjunction with the calculated masses to find force due to friction Measurements for Varying Masses 1. Tape a mass (such as a phone or lighter) to the wheel (or “IO Lab”) side of the IO Device 2. Follow instructions given in both sections above to determine new mass as well as new acceleration 3. Tape an additional mass to the IO Device (ensure you leave the originally added mass to the device) 4. Perform the experiment, again, using procedures above 5. Compile all data accordingly and calculate necessary values using the F=ma equation Results: Test # Average Fg Sigma Value for Fg Average g Sigma Value for g 1 -1.687 N 0.0032 N -9.818 m/s^2 0.013 m/s^2 2 -2.100 N 0.0047 N -9.816 m/s^2 0.014 m/s^2 3 -2.662 N 0.0039 N -9.820 m/s^2 0.013 m/s^2 Figure 1: All Data for all Values Used for Mass Determination

Figure 2a: Acceleration and Force (due to gravity) vs. time graph (at rest on surface) for Test 1 Figure 2b: Acceleration and Force (due to gravity) vs. time graph (being held from screw) for Test 1

Figure 3a: Acceleration and Force (due to gravity) vs. time graph (at rest on surface) for Test 2 Figure 3b: Acceleration and Force (due to gravity) vs. time graph (being held from screw) for Test 2

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