chapter 2 LIN (2)

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Mechanical Engineering

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Oct 30, 2023

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Chapter 2: 3a. Incorrect because the IPA transcription is written with [r] instead of [ɹ] 3b. Champion- This is written correctly! 3c. Crystal- This is written correctly 3d. This is incorrect as the IPA is with n+g and not “ŋ” The intended word for this is jungle . 3e. This is incorrect because the intended word for speech should use [ i] instead of [I] 3f. Allow- This is written correctly following the correct format. 3g. This is a possibility that it can be incorrect because when I say the word out loud I feel as though it should be written like this [ɪmpˈe ͡ ɪʃənt] it is missing that [I]. However, the intended word is impatient . 3h. This is incorrect because the intended word for Frantic uses the phoneme of [k], not a “c”. 3i. This is incorrect as the correct IPA should use [d3] and not [ge] at the end. The intended word is fudge . 3j. Hunger- This is incorrect it should be [ Ə] . 3k. Correct- This is written correctly and the intended word for this is creaky following the correct format. 3l. Luck- This is correct following the correct format. 3m. Incorrect- The intended word is Ship but it doesn’t follow the correct format. It should be written as [ ʃ] instead of using the [sh]. 3n. Supper- This is written correctly following the correct format. When I say the word at loud I can hear and feel myself saying the [pp] sound and the [ɹ] at the end. 3o. Sheds- This is correct as the IPA is written correctly following the correct format. I can hear the (shhh) sound following the ee, dd, and the z representing then (s). Sheds. 3p. This is incorrect as it uses the [d] at the end instead of using the plosive [t] the intended word is Patched. 3q. Incorrect because when I say the word at loud, I feel as though it “ comes ” but it would be written differently in IPA. It also sounds like “ combs ” but that is also written differently in IPA. 3r. This is incorrect because when I say the word “ shuttle ” at loud I can hear the “aa” sound but it is not written in the IPA. 3s. Incorrect because of the flap. The [tt] should be like the [r] phoneme. That is why I believe that this can be incorrect. The intended word is kitten . 3t. Incorrect because the intended word is yawn but the IPA transcription is written wrong. The “y” sound in English is represented by the [j].

7. Indicate which of the four alternative transcriptions represents an accurate IPA transcription of the given word. 7a. Phones→ iii: [fonz]- I believe that this is the correct option as when I usually speak about technology, I say “phonz” so the closest one to what I say is [fonz]. 7b. Attract→ [ ə ˈ trækt]- This is the correct way to say the word attract. I didn’t pick the other options as they sounded wrong and the last option used “c” instead of “k” 7c. Beauty→ [ [ˈbjuɾi]- This is the correct IPA for writing the word beauty. We can see the [j’] representing the “y” sound and the [ɾ] representing the “t” sound. 7d. Singer→ [ s ɪ ŋ ɹ̩ ]- This is the correct way to write the word singer. The other options used the “g” which would make it incorrect and the [i] which would make the “eee” sound. 7e. Otherwise → [ ˈʌ ð ɹ̩ wa ɪ z]- This is the correct way to write the IPA for otherwise. The [ð] gives it that ‘th” sound which is voiced. 7f. Spiked →[spaɪkt]- This is the correct way to write the word spiked. 7g. Xray → [ ˈɛ ksray] - I came to the conclusion that this is the correct way to write xray. As the [ ɛ ] makes that “eh” sound and then follows with the ksray. This was the only one that made sense saying at loud.

8. American English The north wind and the sun were disputing which was the stronger when a traveler came along wrapped in a warm cloak. They agreed that the one who first made the traveler take his cloak off should be considered stronger than the other. Then the north wind blew as hard as he could, but the more he blew the more closely did the traverse fold his cloak around him, and at last the poor north wind gave up the attempt. Then the sun shined out warmly, and immediately the traveler took off his cloak. And so the north wind was obliged to confess that the sun was the stronger of the two. British English The north wind and the sun were disputing which was the stronger when a traveler came along wrapped in a warm cloak. They agreed that the one who first succeeded in making the traveler take his cloak off should be considered stronger than the other. Then the north wind blew as hard as he could, but the more he blew the more closely did the traveler fold his cloak around him; and at last, the north wind gave up the attempt. Then the sunshine out warmly, and immediately the traveler took off his cloak. And so the north wind was obliged to confess that the sun was the stronger of the two. Reading both of the paragraphs was at first confusing but the more I repeated the words to myself and loudly, the better I understood them. I was able to use the textbook to find out how to pronounce some of the words. For example, having a general knowledge of the [ ð] and knowing that it is voiced really helps compared to [θ] which is unvoiced. Knowing that this symbol also makes a [ ə] “aa” sound is very helpful. You also have to be very careful when reading because symbols such as these are very similar to one another, however, they are only a letter different. For example, [ðə] and [ðe]: the, and they. Overall, reading the paragraph was very interesting.

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