Week 4 Worksheet 2022 (1)

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School

Iowa State University *

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255L

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Mechanical Engineering

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by DeaconPanther4165

Week 4 Worksheet Fill out worksheet on your computer and upload to CANVAS before the due date **Lab instructors will award points based on a good-faith effort to fill out worksheet. They will NOT be grading for correctness. It is ultimately your responsibility to make sure your answers are correct so that this will be a useful study guide for your weekly test. Therefore, make sure you ask your instructor, undergrad TAs, and your peers for help when you need it. ** Front Tables Epiphyseal Plate and Structures of Long Bones Structures of Long Bone—some numbers are used more than once Epiphysis_9,2__ Metaphysis_2__ Diaphysis__3_ Articular Cartilage_8__ Spongy bone_10__ Medullary Cavity_4__ Epiphyseal line_9__ Red Bone Marrow_10__ Compact bone_5__ Periosteum__7_ Endosteum_6__ Yellow Bone Marrow_4__ Activity at the epiphyseal plate ceases in adulthood. Why? What is happening to the overall structure of the long bone when the epiphyseal plate is active? The epiphyseal plate is also known as the growth plate. The structure of the long bone grows when the epiphyseal plate is active. The growth declines as people age. Zones of Epiphyseal Plate—Describe how the cells are arranged and the extracellular environment: type and amount of ground substance, distance between cells Resting Cartilage- thin, zone 1 Proliferating Cartilage- Zone 2, towards the surface, thin Hypertrophic Cartilage- middle thickness, Zone 3 Zone of Calcified Cartilage- holds calcium, zone 4, dense Middle Tables Identify the Bony Features of the Skull Which feature of the neurocranium does the mandible articulate with? Temporal bones Neck muscles attach to the mastoid Process in order to move the head. Muscles attach to the styloid process to move the tongue and larynx. On what skull bone are the mastoid and styloid processes located? Compare the appearance of the two processes. Temporal Place a stick through the following two pathways: jugular foramen and optic foramen. The jugular foramen and optic foramen can be accessed via the interior of the skull. What view of the skull do you

need to see the external locations for the jugular foramen? optic foramen? What structures run through these features? Top view of superior surface The carotid canal can only be seen from one view – which one? Is the blood in the carotid artery oxygenated or deoxygenated? Is it running to or from the brain? Inferior surface of skull, oxygenated, running to the brain. Is the cribriform plate viewed internally, or externally? Which bone is it apart of? Internally, part of the ethmoid bone Skull Identification Practice - write the name of the bone that is labeled by each number. Be sure to include R/L if appropriate. Some bones have more than one number indicating them. 1 Right maxilla 2 Left Zygomatic bone 3 Left nasal bone 4 Right Sphenoid 5 Left inferior nasal concha 6 Frontal bone 7 Mandible 8 Right lacrimal bone 9 Right temporal bone 10 Right parietal bone 11 Occipital bone 12 Right Frontal bone 13 Sella turcica of spenoid 14 Left temporal bone 15 Left posterior cranial fossa 16 Ethmoid bone 17 Maxillary bone 18 Palatine bone 19 Vomer bone 20 Occipital bone 21 Left Jugular foreman 22 Right spenoid 23 Right parietal 24 vomer Back Tables Vertebra

Look at the complete vertebral column on a skeleton and find the boundaries between each of the regions of vertebrae. How do you define a cervical vs. thoracic vs. lumbar vertebra based on its location or other bones it is articulating with? Cervical is on the secondary concave curvature, discs 1-7. Closer to the skull Thoracic is 12 discs, on the convex, primary curvature. Within the thoracic cage that contains the ribs, there is the thoracic vertebrae Lumbar is 5 discs, on concave, secondary curvature. Closer to the coxal. What differentiates the vertebrae in the sacral region from those in the more superior regions? It connects to the coccyx and tailbone and has one fused bone without discs Skeleton Identification Practice - write the name of the bone or region that is labeled by each number. Be sure to include R/L if appropriate. Some bones have more than one number indicating them. 1 Thoracic vertebrae 2 sacrum 3 Lumbar vertebrae 4 Cervical vertebrae 5 Floating ribs 6 False ribs 7 True ribs 8 Hyloid Bone 9 Body of sternum 10 manus 11 Zyphoid process 12 coccyx

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