PHY250L Lab 3 (1)
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Lab 3 Newton’s Laws
PHY250L
Student Name:
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Access Code (located on the underside of the lid of your lab kit):
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Lab Report Format Expectations
Utilize college level grammar and formatting when answering text based questions.
Report all equations in a proper mathematical format, with the correct signs and symbols.
Submissions with incomplete or improperly formatted responses may be rejected.
Pre-Lab Questions
1.
State Newton’s Laws in words.
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2.
Consider the masses in Figure 4 to the right.
Draw a Free Body Diagram for:
a.
Mass 1
b.
and Mass 2.
3.
Apply Newton’s 2
nd
Law, F=ma, to write the force equations for M
1
and M
2
. This will yield two
equations that detail the sum of forces in your free body diagram. You should get two force
equations that describe the Tension in the string (force in the up direction), weight for each mass
(force in the down direction) and accelerations for each mass (a
1
and a
2
).
Figure 4:
Free Body Diagram: 2 objects with
mass hanging on a pulley by string.
Lab 3 Newton’s Laws
PHY250L
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4.
This results in two equations with three unknowns, which means you would be unable to solve
these problems without a third equation. What is this third equation? (Hint: What is the
relationship between a
1
and a
2
? Remember, acceleration has a direction, and thus a sign.)
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Lab 3 Newton’s Laws
PHY250L
EXPERIMENT 1: NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTION
Introduction Questions
1.
How will this experiment demonstrate Newton’s second law of motion?
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2.
Draw a free body diagram of your containers of water from the situation in Part 1 Step 4d. Draw
arrows for the force of gravity, the normal force (your hand pushing up on the container), and
the stopping force (your hand accelerating the container as you stop.)
3.
What is the direction of the water’s acceleration in your free body diagram?
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Lab 3 Newton’s Laws
PHY250L
4.
How does this direction of motion relate to inertia?
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Data and Observations
Report your experimental observations in the table below for each of the motions and for each of the
notecard trials.
Table 1. Motion of Water Observations
Motion
Observations
a
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b
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c
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d
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Table 2. Observations after Flicking Notecard Off of Cup
Trial
Observations
1
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2
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3
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4
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5
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Lab 3 Newton’s Laws
PHY250L
Insert a photo of your experimental setup for the notecard experiment. Include your handwritten name
in the background.
Results and Discussion
1.
Did your observations agree with Newton’s Law of Inertia? Explain your answer.
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2.
Can you think of any instances when you are driving or riding a car that are similar to this
experiment? Describe two instances where you feel forces in a car in terms of inertia.
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Lab 3 Newton’s Laws
PHY250L
EXPERIMENT 2: NEWTON’S THIRD LAW AND FORCE PAIRS
Introduction Questions
1.
Generally explain the steps you will take in this experiment.
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2.
How does this experiment intend to demonstrate Newton’s Third Law?
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Data and Observations
Record your observations in the tables below.
Table 3. Forces on a Stationary Spring
Force on Stationary 10 N Spring Scale (N)
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Force on Stationary 5N Spring Scale (N)
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Table 4. Spring Scale Force Data
Suspension Set Up
Force (N) on 10
N Scale
Force (N) on 5
N Scale
0.5 kg Mass on 10 N Spring Scale
Input
0.5 kg Mass with String on 10 N Spring Scale
Input
0.5 kg mass, string and 5 N Spring Scale on 10 N scale
Input
Input
0.5 kg mass, string and 5 N Scale on 10 N scale on Pulley
Input
Input
Results and Discussion
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Lab 3 Newton’s Laws
PHY250L
1.
How did the magnitude of the forces on both spring scales compare after you moved the 10 N spring
scale?
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2.
How did the magnitude of the forces on both spring scales compare after you move the 5 N spring
scale?
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3.
Use Newton’s 3rd Law to explain your observations in Questions 1 and 2.
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4.
Compare the force on the two spring scales in Steps 5 and 6. What can you conclude about the
tension in a string?
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Lab 3 Newton’s Laws
PHY250L
EXPERIMENT 3: NEWTON’S SECOND LAW AND THE ATWOOD MACHINE
Introduction Questions
1.
For Experiment 3, you will construct your own Atwood Machine. Explain how you will construct
your Atwood Machine.
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2.
Draw a free body diagram for M
1
and M
2
in each procedure (Procedure 1 and Procedure 2). Draw
force arrows for the force due to gravity acting on both masses (F
g1
and F
g2
) and the force of
tension (F
T
). Also draw arrows indicating the direction of acceleration, a. Include your
handwritten name in the background.
Lab 3 Newton’s Laws
PHY250L
3.
If you drew your free body diagram correctly, you would be able to come up with two force
equations, one for each of the free body diagrams. These equations would be:
a.
For Mass 1, m
1
: F
net,1
= m
1
a
1
= T - F
g,1
b.
For Mass 2, m
2
: F
net,2
= m
2
a
2
= T - F
g,2
Notice that T, the tension, is equal for both since they are connected by a string. Also note that
the accelerations are equal, but opposite (as was the case in the pre-lab question at the
beginning of this lab.)
This means you can solve each of these equations for T, set them equal to one another and solve
for the overall acceleration. If you do so, you come up with the following equation:
a =
m
(
¿¿
2
−
m
1
)
g
(
m
2
−
m
1
)
¿
Solve for this equation below. Show all the algebra required to come up with this equation. No
credit will be awarded if all steps are not clearly denoted
.
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4.
Now substitute this equation back into the tension equations. When doing so, make sure that
you change the sign of your acceleration to either + or -, depending on which mass is going up,
and which is going down. Solve and simplify the equations. Show all the algebra required to
come up with this equation. No credit will be awarded if all steps are not clearly denoted
.
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5.
The acceleration equation in Question 3 gives you the theoretical acceleration that should be
observed. What equation would you use to calculate the observed, not theoretical, acceleration?
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Lab 3 Newton’s Laws
PHY250L
Data and Observations
Input your mass of the 15 washers, the average mass of each washer, the height of your experimental
setup and the times you observed into the table below. Then use the equation you stated in Question 5,
above, to calculate the observed acceleration and input that into the table for each procedure.
Table 5. Motion Data
Mass of 15
Washers (kg)
Input
Average Mass of
Washer (kg)
Input
Procedure 1
Height (m):
Input
Trial
Time (s)
1
Input
2
Input
3
Input
4
Input
5
Input
Average
Input
Average Acceleration (m/s
2
)
Input
Procedure 2
Height (m):
Input
Trial
Time (s)
1
Input
2
Input
3
Input
4
Input
5
Input
Average
Input
Average Acceleration (m/s
2
)
Input
Lab 3 Newton’s Laws
PHY250L
Insert your photos that includes the following:
●
Your first photo should show your experimental setup with the 15 washers and scales used for
this lab.
●
Your second photo should show a tape measure or other measuring device that clearly shows
the height of your experimental setup.
●
Your handwritten name in the background in each photo.
The photos must have these three requirements depicted clearly. Note: The height of the experimental
setup shown must agree with the value you provided in Table 5, above. Submissions that do not show
these requirements, or that depict a height that does not agree with the value in Table 5, will be
rejected
.
Lab 3 Newton’s Laws
PHY250L
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Lab 3 Newton’s Laws
PHY250L
Lab 3 Newton’s Laws
PHY250L
Results and Discussion
1.
Calculate the theoretical acceleration of the two masses using the equation from Question 3 in
the experiment introduction. You must show your work for credit.
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2.
Show how you calculated the observed acceleration of the masses that you reported in Table 5.
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3.
Compare the theoretical and observed accelerations for each mass with a percent error
calculation. You must show your work for credit.
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4.
Use the tension equations from Question 3 or Question 4 in the experiment introduction to
calculate the tension in the string for the falling washers. You must show your work for credit,
and you must show the calculation for each mass, in each case (a total of 6 calculations).
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5.
Compare these 6 values. Is there a trend in the numbers? If so, or if not, what does that mean in
relation to Newton’s Second Law?
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