MAT 299 Module 3 HW.docx

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MAT 299 Module Three Homework General: Before beginning this homework, be sure to read the textbook sections and the material in Module Three. Type your solutions into this document and be sure to show all steps for arriving at your solution. Just giving a final number may not receive full credit. You may copy and paste mathematical symbols from the statements of the questions into your solution. This document was created using the Arial Unicode font. These problems are proprietary to SNHU COCE, and they may not be posted on any non-SNHU website. The Institutional Release Statement in the course shell gives details about SNHU’s use of systems that compare student submissions to a database of online, SNHU, and other universities’ documents. Duvall Roberts SNHU MAT299 Page 1 of 4 Module Three Homework
1. Are these statements true or false? The universe of discourse is the set of all people, and T(x, y) means “x and y are twins.” Explain how you determined your solution. a. x ¬T(x, x) No one is their own twin. True. By the definition of twins, an individual cannot be their own twin since twins involve two distinct individuals. b. y T(y, y) There exists someone who is their own twin. False. As stated above, an individual cannot be their own twin. c. x y T(x, y) There exists someone who is twins with everyone. False. It is not logically possible for one person to be twins with every other person. d. x ¬ y T(x, y) No one has a twin. False. This statement implies that twins do not exist, which is not true. e. x ¬ y T(x, y) There exists someone who does not have a twin. True. There certainly are individuals who do not have a twin. f. x ¬ y T(x, y) Not everyone is twins with everyone else. True. This statement is logically true since not everyone can be twins with each other. This is similar to examples and exercises in Section 2.1 of your SNHU MAT299 textbook. 2. Are these statements true or false? The universe of discourse is ℕ. Explain how you determined your solution. a. x(5 < x < 10 → a b c(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = x)). True. For integers 6, 7, 8, and 9, you can find integers a,b,c such that their squares sum up to x. b. !x((x – 4) 2 = 36). False. The equation (x – 4) 2 = 36 has two solutions: x = 10 and x = -2. However, since the universe is ℕ x = -2 is not valid, leaving x = 10 as the only solution in ℕ, making the statement true in the context of natural numbers. c. !x((x – 11) 2 = 49). False. The equation (x – 11) 2 = 49 has two solutions: x = 18 and x = 4, both of which are in ℕ. d. x y ( (x ≠ y) ((x – 4) 2 = 36) ((y – 4) 2 = 36) ). False. The equation (x – 4) 2 = 36 can only yield two solutions, and in ℕ, only, x = 10 is valid. Therefore, there cannot be a distinct y in ℕ that satisfies the same condition without being equal to x. This is similar to examples and exercises in Section 2.2 of your SNHU MAT299 textbook. SNHU MAT299 Page 2 of 4 Module Three Homework
3. Show that ¬ x A ¬P(x) is equivalent to x A P(x). ¬ x A ¬P(x) means "it is not true that for all x in A, P(x) is false". This logically implies that there must be at least one x in A for which P(x) is true, which is exactly what x A P(x) states. This is similar to the examples and exercises in Section 2.2 of your SNHU MAT299 textbook. 4. Analyze the logical forms of the following statements. The universe of discourse is ℝ. a. The identity element for multiplication is 1. x ℝ, x 1=1 The statement asserts that multiplying any real number by 1 leaves it unchanged, which defines 1 as the identity element for multiplication in the real numbers. b. Every positive real number has a positive multiplicative inverse. x > 0, y > 0(x y=1) This statement means for every positive real number, there exists another positive real number such that their product is 1, defining the concept of a multiplicative inverse. c. No positive real number has a negative multiplicative inverse. x > 0, ¬ y < 0(x y=1) This shows that for any positive real number, there does not exist a negative real number that when multiplied by the positive number gives 1, reinforcing the definition of a multiplicative inverse within the positives. This is similar to examples and exercises in Section 2.2 of your SNHU MAT299 textbook. 5. Let J = {2, 3, 4}, and for each j J, let A j = {j, j + 1, j + 2, 2j, 3j}. a. List the elements of all the sets A j , for j J. Explain how you determined these sets. = {2,3,4,6} 𝐴 2 = {3,4,5,6,9} 𝐴 3 = {4,5,6,8,12} 𝐴 4 This method systematically expands each set based on its defined rule, ensuring a structured approach to determining the elements. b. Find ∩ j J A j and j J A j . Explain how you determined these sets. Intersection: ∩ j J A j = = {4,6} 𝐴 2 ∩𝐴 3 ∩𝐴 4 SNHU MAT299 Page 3 of 4 Module Three Homework
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Union: j J A = = {2,3,4,5,6,8,9,12} 𝐴 2 ∪𝐴 3 ∪𝐴 4 The intersection ∩j J Aj finds elements common to all sets, which requires 𝐴 𝑗 identifying numbers that adhere to the rules of all three sets. The union j J A combines all unique elements from each creating a set that encapsulates the 𝐴 𝑗 entire range of generated numbers. The process involves systematic comparison and combination of elements from each to identify commonalities and aggregate 𝐴 𝑗 all unique values. This is similar to examples and exercises in Section 2.3 of your SNHU MAT299 textbook. 6. Show the following for any two sets A and B. a. ℘(A) ℘(B) ℘(A B). True. Any subset of A or B is also a subset of A B, hence their power sets' union is a subset of the power set of A B. b. Is ℘(A) ℘(B) = ℘(A B)? Either provide a proof to show that this is true or provide a counterexample to show that this is false. No. Consider A = {1} and B = {2}. ℘(A) ℘(B) = {{},{1},{2}}, but ℘(A B) = {{},{1},{2},{1,2}}. The set {1,2} makes them different. This is similar to examples and exercises in Section 2.3 of your SNHU MAT299 textbook. SNHU MAT299 Page 4 of 4 Module Three Homework