Chapter 2 Lab(1) edited
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MAT 157
Ch 2 lab
Statistics In-Class Unit 1, Chapter 2 Lab Please type your answers directly on this document in RED
.
Part 1: Case Studies
Use the packet of case studies provided (Exercise 4, 5, and 8) for the following.
Case Study: Exercise 4: 1.
Determine the level of measurement of the data in Table 1.
i/r
2.
Would the data be (select the best answer):
a.
Quantative/numeric, continuous
b.
Quantative/numeric, discrete
:Because the table uses only uses discrete whole numbers
c.
Qualitative/categorical
d.
Can’t be determined
e.
None of the above
1.
Which types of charts/graphs that were discussed in the text would be appropriate to make for the data in Table 1? Histogram, Dotplot , frequency distribution
3.
At the time of the study, what percentage of the subjects had been using opiates for 10 years?
7.8%
4.
At the time of the study, which current years of use category has the largest percentage? Why might this information be misleading when considering the rest of the data/table?
16-20 years Mainly because this is a 5 year window of time
5.
At the time of the study, how many addicts had been abstinent for less than one week?
81
6.
7.
Take the information from current years of use in Table 1 and create a new frequency table and relative frequency table (they can be joined) that has a class width of five. Indicate each of the following values for the second class in your table:
a.
Lower class limit:
6
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Years
Frequency
Relative Frequency
1-5
94
31%
6-10
102
33%
11-15
26
8%
16-20
57
19%
20+
27
9%
together
306
100%
MAT 157
Ch 2 lab
b.
Upper class limit:
10
c.
Class boundaries:
5.5
d.
Class midpoint:
10.5
e.
Class width:
5
8.
Look at the values for the duration of abstinence. What does the trend suggest about abstaining from opiates? The trends suggest that abstaining from opiates on a long term basis is very difficult for an opiate -addicted individual but on a short term basis it is fairly simple
9.
Does the data in the duration of abstinence seem to be normally distributed? Explain.
It does not appear to be normally distributed because the large percentage at the beginning of the chart labeled “no abstinence”
Case Study: Exercise 5:
1.
Which types of charts/graphs that were discussed in the text would be appropriate to make for the data presented? Frequency distribution, Dot plot , Histogram
2.
Extend the table (write directly on your paper if you want to) to create a relative frequency distribution and a cumulative frequency distribution.
#of customers observed over limit
Relative frequency
0
.07
1
.12
2
.21
3
.25
4
.18
5
.09
6 or more
.09
# of customers with fewer items
Cum. Freq.
0
.07
1 or less
.19
2 or less
.4
3 or less
.65
4 or less
.83
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MAT 157
Ch 2 lab
5 or less
.92
6 or more fewer
1.01
3.
What does the original table, the frequency and the relative frequency/cumulative frequency table suggest about this supermarket’s express lane violations? Do you think this is applicable to all supermarkets? Explain.
It seems to me that these tables are normally distributed I am thinking that this could possibly be connected but there is not a for sure way to know unless more studies are ran. And observe in different settings and times
4.
Suppose you were to obtain funding to conduct a similar study to see if the results are typical of suburban city supermarkets. What do you think should be done in the new study to help ensure that your results are representative of all suburban city supermarkets?
I think repeating this study in multiple super markets in the suburban area would. Be a start to obtain more accurate info and in different times and settings
5.
Does the data seem to be normally distributed? Explain.
Yes the data is normally distributed because the frequency goes up to a maximum goes back. down
6.
Based off the original data in the table, indicate ALL types of graphs/charts that would be appropriate to make (you do not need to make the graphs/charts)
Histograms , dot plot , histogram , frequency, relative frequency , cumulative frequency, polygon
frequency
7.
Based off the original data in the table, indicate ALL types of graphs/charts that would be inappropriate to make.
Stem and leaf, time series, pareto , pie chart, bar chart
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Ch 2 lab
Case Study: Exercise 8
Use the histogram May OS scores for questions 1 - 4
1.
Create a relative frequency histogram (use stat crunch—bar feature) as best you can from the data . 2.
What do you notice about the shape of the relative frequency histogram compared to the original frequency histogram.
3.
What do you think is the shape of the histogram (normal, right skewed, uniform, left skewed)?
4.
Which pair of testing seems to show the most improvement? Explain
5.
Which of the data sets seems to be the most:
a.
Right skewed:
b.
Left skewed:
c.
Normal:
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MAT 157
Ch 2 lab
Part 2: Running the numbers
Use the graph on blackboard titled “running the numbers” 1.
What is the overall theme/topic for the charts as a whole group?
The time it takes to complete a marathon
2.
What types of charts/graphs are shown?
dot plot, time series, double bar
3.
What is the content difference between the first and second page of graphs?
Men Or Women
4.
Use the top chart on the first page of graphs to answer the following questions:
a.
What is the independent variable?
The year
b.
What is the dependent variable?
number of runners
c.
Why are there two bars in each column?
These bars represent finishing. Times of the runners Sub 2:15 or Sub 2:12
d.
In what year(s) did more than 30 runners finish in sub-2:15?
1981,1982,1983
e.
How many runners finished sub-2:12 in 2011?
5
f.
What trend does this chart show?
In the early 1980s peoples times were faster and since then numbers have declined
g.
Why does a bar chart work well for this data?
It makes. For. An easy comparison of data
5.
Use the middle chart on the second page to answer the following questions:
a.
What is the independent variable? The year
b.
What is the dependent variable? number of runners in top 100
c.
What does each dot represent? 1 Runner
d.
How many more USA women were in the top 100 in 1984 than in 1994?
23
e.
What trend does the chart show?
Same as men the numbers peaked in the 80s then declined
.
6.
Use the bottom chart on the second page to answer the following questions:
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MAT 157
Ch 2 lab
a.
Why are there two lines on the graph? The average time of us women vs average times of the world
b.
Why are there stars on the graph?
To show The fastest times of US women
c.
What overall trend is shown?
The usa womens fast time is similar to the world fast time and since the 80s the times have declined
d.
Why do you think the dependent variable scale was set up in reverse numeric order (usually graphs go from smallest value to largest value)?
Because most people think that the larger the number the better it is but this is not the case in running with this interpretation it helps better show the graph in a non misleading way
.
e.
If the dependent variable scale was not in reverse numeric order, what overall trend would the graph suggest?
It would suggest the higher the time the better it is .
f.
In what year(s) was the top twenty average times of the USA slower than that of the top
20 average times of the world? The whole graph 1984-2013
g.
In what year(s) was the fastest USA time faster than the top twenty average times of the
world?
84,85,89,90,91,03,05,06
h.
In what year was the fastest USA runner the most extreme compared to the top 20 average times of the USA? 2005
i.
In what year was the fastest USA runner the least extreme compared to the top 20 average times of the USA?
87,88
7.
Why do you think the authors chose to use these three charts instead of giving the information in a written format?
Visuals are better at interpretation of data than written out these are less complex to read 8.
What information would we need in order to determine the reliability of these charts and graphs?
Credible sources would need to be given Part 3: Conceptual Understanding (can use as discussion prompts)
1.
Who might misuse data and why?
Any group of people who want make someone look bad through misleading information for example politicians .
2.
How can companies gather and share data to influence consumers’ decisions? They can used things like loaded questions and misleading graphs to bend customers toward their products .
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Ch 2 lab
3.
How can consumers find the truth behind the numbers?
They need to thoroughly research information that is being presented and try to make an informed decision with this data in mind 4.
What is the best way to gather data? The best way to display data?
The best way to present data is accurate, non-biased and with credible resources and making Part 4: Make Charts and Graphs
Open StatCrunch: Data
Load
Shared Data Sets, then search “ER wait times (in minutes)”…owner Marie Buse. Reminder that you have features like copy, paste, sort, etc built into StatCrunch (very similar to typical spreadsheet operations). Use them as needed.
1.
Which types of charts and graphs that were discussed in the text would be appropriate to make to represent the wait time at the ER?
2.
Create a frequency distribution and a histogram for the entire data set. Insert the image below. What class width was used?
3.
Describe the distribution in terms of symmetry/skewedness.
4.
Create a stem and leaf graph and a dot plot. Insert an image of each below.
a.
Compare the shape of your stem and leaf to the shape of the histogram (keep in mind the histogram is usually displayed vertically and the stem and leaf is usually displayed horizontally so compensate for the difference in orientation).
b.
Compare the shape of your dot plot to the shape of the histogram. What causes the differences?
5.
Separate the data by whether it was at the County or Regional Hospital. Create a histogram for each data set. Be sure to title each graph.
a.
Insert the images below. b.
What visual impressions do you get when comparing the graphs? c.
Would changing the way your organized the data (the class widths for one or both of the data sets, number of classes, etc) lead to different impressions?
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MAT 157
Ch 2 lab
Part 5: Make a Misleading Graph
Use the data from StatCrunch: Data
Load
Shared Data Sets, then search “ER wait times (in minutes)”…owner Marie Buse. The same data as in part 4 above. You can use the data set as a whole or you can use the County only data or the Regional only data.
1.
Are you going to use the entire data set, the County only data, or the Regional only data?
2.
What are some ways you manipulate the way the data is displayed so that it gives a different impression than the original graph (you are not allowed to change the values of the data set)
3.
Choose one of these ways and make the misleading graph (this can be hard using StatCrunch so it might be easier/faster to do it by hand). Insert the image below.
4.
Explain the difference in this impression from the impression of the original graph from part 4.
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