4-IMPERFECTIONS-CHPT 4-MIAE 221-2023

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Concordia University *

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221

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Material Science

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Oct 30, 2023

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9

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1 IMPERFECTIONS IN SOLIDS Chapter 4 MIAE 221 – Materials Science
Notes# 4A - MIAE 221 (adapted from Callister) 2 ISSUES TO ADDRESS... • What types of defects arise in solids? • Can the number and type of defects be varied and controlled? • How do defects affect material properties? • Are defects undesirable? CHP 4: IMPERFECTIONS IN SOLIDS
Notes# 4A - MIAE 221 (adapted from Callister) 3 • Solidification - result of casting of molten material – 2 steps • Nuclei of solid phase start to form • Nuclei grow to form crystals – when crystal boundaries meet form grain structure • Start with a molten material – all liquid Imperfections in Solids nuclei crystals growing grain structure liquid
4 Imperfections in Solids There is no such thing as a perfect crystal. Crystalline imperfections (or defects) are always present. • Many of the properties of materials are sensitive to the presence of imperfections. • Crystalline defect refers to a lattice irregularity with dimensions on the order of an atomic diameter. • What kinds of crystalline imperfections exist in solids? Notes# 4A - MIAE 221 (adapted from Callister)
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