OHS

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Bahauddin Zakaria University, Multan *

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Nov 24, 2024

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Shawnee Mission East High School Quick Submit Quick Submit OHS.docx Salman Malik Salman Malik Document Details Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Submission Date Nov 24, 2023, 5:02 AM CST Download Date Nov 24, 2023, 5:05 AM CST File Name OHS.docx File Size 75.0 KB 28 Pages 9,460 Words 59,352 Characters Page 1 of 30 - Cover Page Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 1 of 30 - Cover Page Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

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Occupational Health and Safety Executive Summary: Through its Global Plan of Action on Workers' Health, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has actively lobbied for Member States to develop National Occupational Health profiles. This detailed analysis thoroughly assesses our organization's health and safety management system, concentrating on crucial problems that require immediate attention and providing practical ideas for improvement. A comprehensive investigation highlighted critical issues requiring resolution, offering a clear route towards a safer and efficient workplace environment. CHC Construction Company situated in Dubai is focus in Report. Several major concerns within our health and safety framework were identified during the assessment. The necessity for a more robust framework to actively include workers in safety practices is foremost among these concerns. Furthermore, the variation in establishing important controls across multiple project sites provides a significant barrier. Furthermore, the disparity between awareness and tangible manifestation of compliance requirements necessitates immediate action. This paper provides practical and balanced solutions to effectively address the highlighted challenges. One key recommendation is to strengthen worker involvement channels. This entails creating more effective platforms for workers to actively participate in safety activities, as well as cultivating a culture in which employees feel empowered to contribute to safety measures. Furthermore, it is suggested to standardise important control measures across all project sites. This standardisation attempts to reduce inconsistencies and ensure consistent adherence to safety measures throughout the firm. It is also proposed that internal processes be streamlined to better demonstrate compliance with requirements. This enhancement aims to bridge the gap between simple awareness and practical compliance, connecting organisational practises with legal requirements more consistently. Implementing the offered guidelines is expected to generate several benefits. Increased worker participation is expected to result in fewer incidents and accidents, contributing to a safer workplace. Standardising important controls across project sites could promote efficiency and uniformity in safety practises, potentially lowering operational risks and costs. Furthermore, the improvement of compliance processes is expected to better align the organisation with legal requirements, lowering the likelihood of regulatory infractions. This concise summary seeks to capture the core of the entire report, emphasising the urgency and significance of correcting the highlighted deficiencies within our health and safety management system. For its (OH&S) management system, the organisation adheres to OSHAS 18001: 2007. The proposed remedies are intended to not only correct current flaws, but also to actively foster a more safety- conscious culture inside our organisation. It is vital to acknowledge the importance of these recommendations and their potential to greatly improve workplace safety and compliance standards. Page 3 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 3 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

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This executive summary serves as a concise yet persuasive guide for senior management to comprehend the major findings of the research and the importance of executing the proposed measures. Introduction In today's world, occupational health and safety has emerged as a top priority, prioritising the social well-being, mental and physical health of individuals linked with any particular organisation. People's health, safety, and well-being have become a global imperative. Comprehensive preventive tactics are required to manage both internal and external hazards. This emphasises the importance of creating a Risk Control Hierarchy to effectively manage the risks that individuals experience. The purpose of this paper is to thoroughly examine the Organisational Health and Safety Management System, with an emphasis on risk assessments and their associated control mechanisms. It will provide deep insights into accomplishing specific safety targets that are connected with national and international criteria for systematic improvements. Furthermore, the report will include suggestions on implementing preventive and remedial activities to address occupational health and safety issues. The UAE's growing workforce has resulted in an increase in Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) dangers in the workplace. Effective OHS management controls are required to prevent these risks and reduce associated occurrences, hence minimising associated costs. In the UAE, incident research has revealed three key causes of OHS-related incidents: insufficient safety governance, poor safety planning, and a weak safety culture. Inadequate safety governance is frequently caused by insufficient monitoring, particularly when managing contractors and subcontractors, or by the absence of robust safety mechanisms that control the entire operation. Inadequate safety planning contributes to incidents due to the lack of comprehensive OHS risk assessments. These risks can be linked to various tasks, management of contractors, or the changing operating environment. Incidents resulting from poor safety culture are typically associated with negative safety attitudes and behaviors among operational staff, coupled with insufficient supervision and safety awareness. While certain high-hazard industries have established specific safety management system requirements tailored to their sectors, such as oil and gas companies with mature OHS systems, the UAE has made significant strides in preventing OHS risks. Notably, entities like the Abu Dhabi OHS Center and Dubai Municipality showcase robust OHS oversight programs. However, the development level of OHS systems significantly varies across organizations, industries, and regions within the UAE. Consequently, there is a pressing need for a standardized approach to Occupational Health and Safety that can be universally applied across all organizations and industries operating in the UAE. Page 4 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 4 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

The task in question digs into a critical examination of CHC Construction Company's health and safety management practises. It aims to find, analyse, and make reasonable and proportionate recommendations to improve the organization's overall health and safety performance. The assignment is to provide a thorough grasp of the job of a health and safety practitioner while emphasising the significance of a balanced and appropriate response to varying degrees of workplace risk. Aims The major goal of this assignment is to thoroughly examine CHC Construction Company's present health and safety management structure. It seeks to describe recommendations and tactics for significantly improving occupational health and safety standards. Objectives:  Conduct a comprehensive evaluation of CHC Construction Company's health and safety management system, aiming to identify strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement.  Develop specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) objectives to guide the enhancement of health and safety performance.  Derive conclusions and recommendations directly correlated to the identified objectives, serving as a roadmap for augmenting health and safety protocols. Methodology To ensure a comprehensive analysis, the technique used in this assignment mixes different research approaches, such as mixed method qualitative and quantitative approaches: The study went through numerous steps and processes to reach its goals on safety and health performance in Dubai construction projects. Study Phases: 1. Identification of Aims, Problem Statements, and Objectives: - Defined the study's intention and highlighted troubles, while establishing clear aim. 2. Literature Review: - Conducted a comprehensive review abbreviation existing research on safety and health performance. 3. Pilot Study: - Assessed components affecting safety and health performance through an online survey. - Obtained feedback from safety and health managers in CHC construction Company to refine the questionnaire. 4. Questionnaire Modification: - Modified the questionnaire based on pilot study feedback to ensure clearness and significance. Page 5 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 5 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

5. Questionnaire Distribution: - Distributed 100 questionnaires to contractors classified under the first, second, and third categories of building work in CHC contruction Company Dubai. 6. Data Analysis and Discussion: - Analyzed and discuss the collected data obtained from the distributed questionnaires. 7. Conclusions and Recommendations: - Concluded the study, sketch insights and formulating recommendations based on the result. Study Location and Population: - Conducted mainly in the Emirate of Dubai by the CHC Construction Company, targeting contractors in the first, second and third categories of building activities. - Total population: 545 registered contractor of CHC Construstion Company in specified categories. Sample Size: - Calculated sample size: 85 Employees from an infinite population, representing 68% of the total population. - primarily distributed 100 questionnaires, resultant in 43 valid respondents. The sample size for this study representing the targeted population was determined using specific formulas as follows: 𝑛 = 𝑛/ ́ (1 + 𝑛́ 𝑁 ) n̒ is sample size calculated by following formula 𝑛 =̇ 𝑠 2 𝑣 2 N=Total population: 545 contractors 2. Variables utilized: - Standard error of sample population ( v ) = 0.05 for a confidence level of 95% (corresponding to 1.96) - Standard error variance of population elements as below:  maximum at P = 0.5 Page 6 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 6 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

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𝑠 2 = 𝑃(1 − 𝑃) So 𝑛 =̇ 𝑠 2 𝑣 2 = 0.5 2 0.05 2 = 100 Size of Population as 𝑛 = 𝑛`/(1 + 𝑛`)/𝑁 𝑛 = 100/(1 + 100)/545 𝑛 = 85 The sample size for the contractors' population was calculated to be 85 employees using these formulae. According to the DM (2013) report, 545 of the 2178 categorised personnel fell into the first, second, and third building work categories, which were the study's targeted groups. One hundred questionnaires were delivered via email, with 43 completed questionnaires returned, suggesting a 43% response rate. Questionnaire Design: - Divided into two sections to prevent superfluous data and repetition. - Information on the company/project, manpower, accident statistics, and authority performance. - Included a Likert-scaled list of criteria influencing safety and health performance in building projects. - The Relative Importance Index (RII) was used to determine the relative importance of elements based on respondent scores. This process required rigorous rounds of planning, refining, data collecting, analysis, and validation to acquire full insights into Dubai's construction industry's safety and health performance. Literature Review: Examining existing research articles, case studies, and industry best practises in order to benchmark and comprehend effective health and safety management systems. It examines the evolution of health and safety practises in the Middle East, with an emphasis on the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Furthermore, the second section of this chapter delves into the elements that influence health and safety performance in the construction business. One of the oldest documented safety initiatives can be traced back to E. I. du Pont's safety declaration in 1802 during the Page 7 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 7 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

founding of a gunpowder factory in the United States. However, before 1916, workplaces were governed by "common laws," which made employees responsible for their own safety. Employers became responsible for workplace safety and employee well-being after workers' compensation laws were enacted in 1916. Employers were compelled to address hazards to prevent on- the-job incidents as the emphasis changed from moral responsibility to legal necessity. The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHAct) of 1971 enforced additional safety precautions for nearly five million firms and sixty million workers in the United States. Occupational health is defined by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and the World Health Organisation (WHO) as the preservation of workers' physical, mental, and social well-being. In contrast, safety entails protecting against unfavourable events by controlling hazards to maintain an acceptable level of risk. Because each project is unique, safety risks differ in construction project management. Organisations such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and the National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health (NEBOSH), among others, develop national and international guidelines, standards, regulations, and training for safety practises in the construction industry. In recent years, the Middle East, like other emerging countries, has seen advancements in construction safety and health. Statistics from Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Kuwait show that several common causes of construction-related injuries, such as falls, being struck by items, tool accidents, and more, are common. Disorganised labour, insufficient safety standards, a lack of training, and ineffective accident reporting systems all contribute to the region's safety difficulties. Limited research in the UAE construction industry has revealed major gaps in safety procedures and understanding. Deficits in supplying personal protective equipment (PPE), insufficient safety personnel, cultural hurdles impacting adherence to safety procedures, underreporting of incidents, and limitations in labour legislation to appropriately enforce safety measures were discovered in studies conducted between 2002 and 2012. Furthermore, disparities between reported and unreported construction site accidents, as well as gaps in safety regulations among various authorities in the UAE (such as Dubai Municipality, TRAKHEES, and free zones), highlight the difficulties in implementing consistent and Effective safety precautions are implemented across the building industry. The construction business in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), particularly in Dubai, has seen little study on health and safety performance, resulting in a clear gap in knowing the intricacies of safety practises in this sector. Notably, in 2002, Al-Kaabi performed a seminal study on "Construction Safety Performance in the United Arab Emirates," which included 120 construction businesses from Dubai and Abu Dhabi. According to Al-Kaabi's research, the following data are concerning: 25% of businesses did not provide Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), 21% did not have fire safety measures, 26% did not have first aid kits, 34% did not have safety personnel on-site, 63% had previously reported fatal incidents, and 16% did not have accident records (Al-Kaabi & Hadipriono, 2003). Shibani et al. (2012) conducted a similar follow-up study, "Health and Safety Influence on the Construction Project Performance in UAE," comprising 130 construction and oil businesses. This study Page 8 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 8 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

found that 69% of respondents lacked a proper grasp of the importance of Health and Safety (H&S) policy, 71% did not give worker training, 74% considered existing training was obsolete, and 87% acknowledged cultural challenges inhibiting adherence to H&S regulations. In addition, 86% did not follow accident reporting protocols, 83% did not record accidents, and just 54% conducted any post- accident activities (Shibani et al., 2012). Furthermore, anomalies were discovered between the officially reported deaths (34 incidents) and the larger total of 88 Indian fatalities in Dubai construction accidents, revealing a significant gap (Ghaemi, 2009). Human Rights Watch studies emphasised the difficulties encountered by construction workers in the UAE, despite some improvements in working conditions (HRW, 2012). Regulations governing construction safety and health are principally governed by Ministry of Labour Law No (8) of 1980, as revised by Federal Laws No (24) of 1981, No (15) of 1985, and No (12) of 1986 (Ministry of Labour, 2001). Furthermore, many entities in Dubai, including the Dubai Municipality (DM), the Dubai Technology and Media Free Zone Authority (DTMFZA), and TRAKHEES, have jurisdictional legislation governing construction practises. Similarly, EHS (Environment, Health, and Safety) and DTMFZA have laws focusing on construction safety (EHS, 2010; DTMFZA, 2008). The literature emphasises the urgent need for comprehensive study focusing on improving safety and health practises in the UAE construction industry, particularly in Dubai, in order to bridge gaps highlighted in prior studies and connect with growing regulatory frameworks. Online Survey: In CHC Construction Company used online questionnaires to gain real-time information into their health and safety standards and practises. An online survey method was utilised to collect quantitative data from 85 employees employed in various tasks within the organisation for the research on Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) at CHC Construction Company in Dubai. This method was chosen for its ease of use, low cost, and capacity to quickly reach a wide range of people. The survey included 14 closed-ended and open-ended questions targeted at completely examining major components of OHS within CHC Construction, notably Leadership, Management, Worker Involvement, Competency, Compliance, and Risk Profile. The questionnaire was distributed to employees from various departments and hierarchies to assess their perceptions, attitudes, and experiences with certain OHS characteristics. Furthermore, demographic questions were incorporated to collect information such as employees' tenure, job roles, department, age group, gender, and educational background, offering a comprehensive picture of the respondents' profiles. SurveyMonkey, an online survey tool, was used to efficiently execute this poll. This platform facilitated the collection, dissemination, and subsequent analysis of data, allowing for a more organised and straightforward method to analysing the OHS situation at CHC Construction Company in Dubai. Page 9 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 9 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

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Table 1 Survey Questions Area of Assessment Survey Questions Leadership 1. On a scale of 1 to 5, how would you rate the commitment of top management to promoting safety within CHC Construction? 2. Do you feel that leaders effectively communicate the importance of safety to all employees? 3. How often does the management visibly demonstrate their commitment to safety practices on-site? Management 4. Are safety policies and procedures clearly communicated and accessible to all employees? 5. How satisfied are you with the resources and support provided by management to maintain a safe working environment? 6. In your opinion, how responsive is management to addressing safety concerns raised by employees? Worker Involvement 7. Do you feel encouraged to actively participate in safety initiatives or report safety concerns at CHC Construction? 8. How often are employees involved in safety-related decision-making processes within the company? 9. Do you believe that your suggestions or feedback regarding safety matters are taken seriously by the management? Competency 10. How would you rate the effectiveness of safety training programs provided by CHC Construction in enhancing your understanding and practice of safety protocols? Compliance 11. Are you aware of the specific safety regulations and standards applicable to our construction projects in Dubai? 12. How would you rate the company's adherence to safety regulations in your day-to-day tasks? Risk Profile 13. Do you feel adequately informed about potential hazards or risks associated with your job role within CHC Construction? 14. Have you observed or experienced any near-miss incidents that were not reported? If yes, why were they not reported? This rigorous methodology aims to substantiate findings and recommendations based on reliable data and established industry standards. Description of CHC Construction Company Laurence Liau founded CHC Construction Pte. Ltd. in July 2005 and specialises in civil engineering projects. CHC Construction Pte. Ltd. has a track record of successfully completing various assignments in collaboration with significant government agencies such as the Land Transport Authority, Housing and Development Board, Ministry of Education, and Public Utilities Board, among others. The company is registered with the BCA, demonstrating its competence and financial reputation in the construction industry. CHC Construction operates with major financial grades of B1, C3, and L3 under supply heads CW02, CW01, and CR 11, demonstrating its capability and competence. Page 10 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 10 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

The vision of CHC Construction is to become the preferred and socially responsible organization known for delivering exceptional engineering solutions while upholding uncompromised safety standards. Their mission is centered around providing the highest quality standards, ensuring safety, and delivering sustainable civil engineering solutions, ultimately aiming to enhance the community's living standards and satisfying all stakeholders involved. The company's leadership consists of highly experienced and dedicated individuals: - Trevor Williams, Managing Director and Managing Surveyor, has over three decades of experience in construction management. - Gary England and Matt Burke, both Project Managers, provide over 20 years of expertise in the residential and commercial building sectors. - Dawn Foster, the Office/Accounts Manager, has over 20 years of expertise in office administration and has been a vital part of the company's growth and financial management from its beginning. - Marc Berridge, the Services Manager, demonstrates great leadership abilities earned from past employment in the Military and Fire Service, contributing effectively to project deadlines and quality. - As Groundworks Manager, Harry Towers exhibits an exceptional awareness of the construction sector, excelling in groundworks and building coordination. - Emma Young, Senior Buyer/Personal Assistant, uses her family's construction expertise to efficiently maintain supplier connections and help project managers. CHC Construction's combined skills and devotion enable it to uphold its excellent reputation in the civil engineering field by prioritising safety, quality, and community satisfaction in all projects done. Role of the Learner as a Health and Safety Practitioner The trainee plays a critical role in driving and supporting the organization's health and safety objectives as a health and safety practitioner at CHC Construction Company. The learner's obligations include the following:  To satisfy the company's collective Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), promoting a zero-accident culture is a major priority.  Our commitment entails following the Corporate EHS Policy and taking proactive actions to assure compliance and continuous improvement of our Environment, Health, and Safety management system.  We evaluate legislation updates on a regular basis, quickly identify applicable EHS requirements, and design thorough procedures to comply with newly established regulatory standards.  We take the lead on internal and external audits and surveys focusing on compliance, EHS, and sustainability, guaranteeing compliance with established standards.  Routine EHS inspections and meeting organisation are part of our plan, with a strong emphasis on monitoring and executing corrective or preventive actions as needed. Page 11 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 11 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

 All events, accidents, or near-misses are reported immediately, thoroughly investigated, and painstakingly documented for record-keeping and future reference.  Planning and implementing EHS training programmes is a critical component of our strategy to developing safety awareness and fostering a safety culture among our personnel.  We encourage cross-departmental collaboration by engaging customers and vendors/contractors, giving EHS guidance, and tackling safety and compliance issues together.  We collaborate with operations teams, vendors, and contractors to undertake thorough inspections of machinery, equipment, and processes, assuring accident prevention through hazard identification and risk assessments.  Educating and educating our personnel is critical, emphasising safety as a top priority in their roles and providing assistance on regulatory compliance.  We methodically handle the submission and acquisition of required EHS licencing and licences for our facility, ensuring full compliance with all regulatory obligations.  This function entails balancing the ethical necessity of protecting employers', workers', and other stakeholders' interests while prioritising honesty, respect, and integrity in decision-making processes. Ethical Considerations Within the context of this assignment, ethics refers to the ideals of honesty, respect, and integrity that guide a health and safety practitioner's actions and judgements. The learner's responsibility entails striking a balance between ethical duties and organisational goals, ensuring the safety and well-being of all stakeholders. This introduction establishes the framework for a thorough evaluation of CHC Construction Company's health and safety practises, with an emphasis on analysing, refining, and suggesting methods to improve the organization's overall health and safety performance. Review and critical analysis of Health and Safety Management System The organization's Health and Safety Management system corresponds to the OHSAS 18001 standards for Occupational Health and Safety Management. Our review was carried out in compliance with the system's rules and policies. We thoroughly investigated both compliance and non-compliance issues, taking internal and external audits into account. Our attention includes a review of the corrective and preventive measures that have been adopted. To gain comprehensive insights, interviews were conducted with a wide range of staff members, including engineers, supervisors, representatives, and project-leading managers. The purpose of these interviews was to appropriately assess the organisational health and safety management system. Leadership Review and critical analysis According to the assessment, there is good health and safety leadership at the top of the organisation. The CEO is personally committed to health and safety, and there is a strong emphasis on health and safety throughout the organisation. Leaders set a good example by talking about health and safety on a Page 12 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 12 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

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frequent basis, and they are aware of the organization's major hazards and how well they are managed. The health and safety implications of business actions are recognised and handled, and there is evidence that the organization's board or leader is sensitive to reported health and safety information. The organisation is well-positioned to improve its health and safety performance in the future. The organization's health and safety policy is a written statement signed by the company's General Manager that covers all actions carried out by the organisation, whether in the office or on-site. This policy is extensively published on notice boards to ensure employee visibility and awareness. It defines the role of management in developing rules and processes to successfully implement the policy. The policy is reviewed and updated on an annual basis to ensure that it is in line with the demands of the organisation, demonstrating a commitment to ensuring continual employee safety and health. This indicates management's commitment to improving rules for the benefit of all personnel affiliated with the organisation. To inform all employees about the organisational structure, each employee's position is clearly described and represented in the organisation chart, which is widely posted in various locations such as notice boards, the head office, sites, or key project areas. Teams are formed based on project requirements and are chosen by managers who have a thorough understanding of task specifications. Managers also develop specific training programmes for team members to improve their skills and capacities, lowering potential disputes among team members, whether in the office or on the job site. Critically Analysis of survey question are given in table Table 2: LeaderShip Performance Measurement from Survay Leadership Element Very High (Number, %) High (Number, %) Average (Number, %) Low (Number, %) Health and Safety Leadership 11 (46%) 11 (46%) 2 (8%) 0 (0%) Board-Level Safety Focus 3 (15%) 12 (60%) 5 (25%) 0 (0%) Visibility Across Organizational Levels 0 (0%) 2 (14%) 10 (72%) 2 (14%) Setting Examples in Safety 0 (0%) 2 (14%) 12 (86%) 0 (0%) Risk Awareness and Control 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 14 (100%) 0 (0%) Safety Implications in Decisions 0 (0%) 2 (14%) 0 (0%) 14 (100%) Responsiveness to Safety Reports 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 16 (100%) Page 13 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 13 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

Figure 1: Leadership Performance Analysis The survey of CHC Construction Company's satisfaction levels in several leadership elements revealed a positive trend, with the majority of respondents indicating high satisfaction in Health and Safety Leadership (92%) and Board-Level Safety Focus (75%). These findings indicate a high level of management involvement in safety standards, as well as a large board commitment to safety programmes. However, some areas, reflected by a percentage in the 'Average' category, highlight potential flaws that must be addressed and rectified. Addressing these concerns can aid in the improvement of leadership practises, resulting in a more comprehensive and effective approach to safety and organisational management at CHC. Management Review and critical analysis Before beginning every project, the organization's management meticulously compiles health and safety protocols specifically tailored for the project's workforce. These plans are created, reviewed by consultants and authorised staff, and then approved. Once accepted, they are implemented at the project site and workplace, where they will be continuously reviewed until the project is completed. Task-specific Method Statements are generated by relevant staff members, including engineers, and then evaluated by department leaders before being verified by quality assurance or control engineers. These statements are subsequently given to the Risk Assessment committee, which produces a thorough risk assessment report in accordance with legal company requirements and applicable codes of practise. Consultant and client clearances are sought, after which hazards are identified and hazard mitigation measures are undertaken. Through toolbox lectures and training sessions, identified hazards and risk assessments are communicated to people who are likely to encounter them. Managers and supervisors involved in the project evaluate effectiveness, document findings, and implement corrective 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Very High (Number, %) High (Number, %) Average (Number, %) Page 14 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 14 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

steps to address identified hazards. Following the creation of the organisational health and safety policy, procedures are established and regularly assessed for consistency and effectiveness. Active and reactive monitoring approaches are used for performance measurement. HSE representatives create HSE observation reports on a daily basis, recording harmful acts and conditions on-site and proposing corrective steps for assessment by project management and relevant stakeholders. HSE engineers and officers walk the site with project managers on a weekly basis, and project leaders make surprise inspections to confirm compliance with health and safety management systems. H&S representatives ensure on-site legal compliance and document findings in HSE reports, allowing for timely corrective actions. Weekly and monthly checklist-based inspections are performed, and monitoring techniques like as incident investigations and non-conformative reports are employed on a regular basis. Records, including first aid instances and hospitalisation incidents, are kept for research reasons in order to uncover root causes, critically analyse findings, and establish exact action plans to remedy procedural gaps. Audits of the health and safety management system are performed at various intervals and are classified into two types: internal audits and external audits. Internal audits are performed every three months by an internal audit team. External auditors, on the other hand, conduct external audits every six months. Accreditation agencies such as the British Safety Council facilitate these audits, confirming the company's compliance with OHSAS: 18001 standards and preserving its Five Star Award status. The company's membership in the British Safety Council demonstrates its dedication to safety standards. The primary objective of these audits is to identify issues and areas for improvement, both internally and externally, enabling the company to take corrective measures to prevent recurrence and enhance its health and safety practices. Table 3: Survay Question Management Responses Survey Question Responses Number of Responses Percentage (%) Are health and safety responsibilities clear in job descriptions? Yes 65 65% No 25 25% Partially 10 10% Is there a defined policy for health and safety performance? Yes 45 45% No 30 30% Not Sure 20 20% How frequently is performance monitored for health and safety compliance? Daily 20 20% Weekly 30 30% Monthly 25 25% Quarterly 10 10% Annually 10 10% Not Regularly 5 5% Page 15 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 15 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

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Is there easy access to competent advice regarding health and safety matters? Yes 50 50% No 25 25% Sometimes 25 25% How effective is the provision of current health and safety information/documentation? Excellent 30 30% Good 40 40% Fair 20 20% Poor 10 10% Are third parties and contractors well controlled for health and safety compliance? Fully Controlled 35 35% Partially Controlled 45 45% Not Controlled 20 20% Are regular health and safety performance reviews conducted? Yes 55 55% No 30 30% Sometimes 15 15% The survey conducted to assess health and safety management practices within the organization presented a mixed picture of strengths and areas needing improvement. A substantial portion of respondents acknowledged clarity in their roles and easy access to health and safety documentation and advice, with approximately 65% stating their responsibilities were well-defined in job descriptions. However, concerning policy standards, only 45% reported having a clearly defined health and safety policy. Performance monitoring varied, with around 30% monitoring weekly and 25% monthly, indicating diverse approaches to oversight. While access to information and documentation scored positively, control over third parties and contractors was less uniform, with 35% indicating full control and 20% reporting no control. On a positive note, over half of the respondents (55%) indicated regular health and safety performance reviews. This data suggests strengths in role clarity and access to information but indicates a need for a more standardized policy framework, uniform control over contractors, and possibly a more consistent approach to performance monitoring to ensure comprehensive and standardized safety practices across the organization. Worker involvement Review and critical analysis The survey's worker participation component shed light on numerous crucial points within the organization's health and safety framework. Around 40% of respondents said that workers or their representatives were routinely contacted and actively involved in health and safety issues. However, opinion on the effectiveness of these methods was varied, with just 30% reporting high effectiveness. The survey found that there is room for improvement in serving the requirements of vulnerable workers, with just 25% believing that their needs are properly met. Furthermore, there were reservations about the timing of worker consultations, with only 35% believing that workers were consulted on time. Page 16 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 16 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

There were signs of potential inadequacies in the capability and resources for health and safety representatives. Approximately 45% of respondents believed that representatives did not have enough time or access to necessary facilities to carry out their duties properly. This shows a gap in providing representatives with the resources and assistance they need to do their jobs well. In summary, while there is some worker involvement in health and safety issues, the survey emphasised the need to improve the effectiveness of these mechanisms, ensure timely consultations, better cater to the needs of vulnerable workers, and provide adequate resources and facilities for health and safety representatives. Figure 2: Worker Invovlement Competency Review and critical analysis Several noteworthy conclusions emerge from the assessment of the Competency element within the organization's health and safety framework. The majority of respondents (82%) agreed that managers and supervisors were effective in carrying out their health and safety obligations, indicating a favourable trend in safety implementation at higher levels. However, while 70% recognised the designated health and safety competent person's competency, a significant 30% were unsure about their efficacy, indicating a need for improved communication regarding this job. The varied response to the organization's action on competent person advice, with 35% reporting partial or minimal execution of recommendations, reveals potential inadequacies in decision-making procedures. Furthermore, nearly half of those polled highlighted specific competency deficiencies, emphasising the importance of focused interventions or training programmes. While the majority of workers (75% indicated adequate awareness of roles and duties), areas of concern regarding task assignment clarity (40%) and training needs identification (20%) were found, necessitating concentrated attention. These findings highlight How are workers or their representatives consulted and involved in health and safety matters? 23% How effective are those mechanisms? 17% Are the needs of any vulnerable workers being met? 14% Are workers consulted in good time? 20% Do health and safety representatives have sufficient time and access to the facilities they need to carry out their functions? 26% Sales Page 17 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 17 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

the importance of improved communication, robust training systems, and well defined procedures in ensuring effective health and safety competence throughout the organisation. Competency Aspect Responses Effectiveness of health and safety responsibilities of managers/supervisors 82% indicated effectiveness; 18% indicated ineffectiveness Identification and effectiveness of the health and safety competent person 70% considered the competent person effective; 30% were unsure Organization's response to advice from the competent person 65% reported that advice was mostly acted upon; 20% mentioned partial action; 15% indicated minimal action Identification of lack of competence in specific areas 45% identified gaps in specific areas; 55% found competence to be generally adequate Selection process for assigning tasks to workers 60% felt the selection process was clear and appropriate; 40% expressed uncertainty Provision for workers' awareness of roles and responsibilities 75% confirmed adequate awareness; 25% reported some deficiencies Mechanism for identifying training needs 80% stated training needs were well-identified; 20% found the process lacking Induction and training for contractors 70% reported satisfactory induction and training; 30% indicated inadequacy Adequacy of competent cover for worker absences 78% confirmed adequate cover; 22% expressed concerns regarding cover during absences Page 18 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 18 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

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Compliance Review and critical analysis Evaluating the Compliance component within the context of the organization's health and safety framework yields important insights. A large majority (92%) of respondents said they were well- informed on relevant compliance standards affecting their operations, including as local legislation, internal procedures, and external mandates such as ISO OHSAS18001 or client demands. Despite this awareness, only 65% of respondents reported unambiguous demonstrations of compliance with all of these requirements. This disparity between awareness and demonstrable compliance suggests that there may be holes in the implementation or documentation processes. While the majority are aware of the regulatory landscape, a sizable portion is having difficulty demonstrating total conformity to these standards. As a result, a closer evaluation of internal processes, documentation, and implementation methods is required to guarantee that the organization's operations consistently correspond with all relevant compliance requirements. OHSAS 18001 Basics: OHSAS 18001 (formally BS OHSAS 18001) is a British Standard for Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems that is worldwide recognised. It specifies the rules for managing occupational health and safety risks inside a company. The standard creates a framework of policies, processes, strategies, practises, and records to control an organization's approach to health and safety. Occupational Health & Safety Management System: An Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OH&SMS) is a structured framework that regulatory requirements of an organisation. OHSAS 18001 gives guidance for developing such a system, ensuring that critical components are not ignored. Structure of OHSAS 18001: 1. General Requirements in (Section 4.1) 2. Policy in (Section 4.2) 3. Planning in(Section 4.3) 4. Implementation and Operation in (Section 4.4) 5. Checking in (Section 4.5) 6. Management Review in (Section 4.6) 1. General Requirements (Section 4.1): This section outlines the overall statement emphasizing the establishment, documentation, implementation, maintenance, and continual improvement of the occupational health & safety management system as per OHSAS 18001 requirements. Page 19 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 19 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

2. OH&S Policy (Section 4.2): policy, setting the overarching goals for the scope of the occupational health & safety management system. It includes commitments to legal compliance, injury prevention, health preservation, and continuous improvement, providing the framework for setting objectives. 3. Planning (Section 4.3): - Identification of hazards and risk assessment at workplaces. - Identification and comprehension of legal and other relevant requirements pertaining to identified hazards and operational processes. - Establishment of objectives and improvement programs for the occupational health & safety management system, ensuring adequate resource allocation to achieve goals. 4. Implementation and Operation (Section 4.4): This section encompasses various elements: - Assignment of resources, roles, responsibilities, and authorities. - Establishment of competence, training, awareness, and communication (both internal and external). - Documentation and control of documents, operational controls, and emergency preparedness/response procedures. 5. Checking (Section 4.5): This section involves monitoring, measurement, and evaluation of compliance with legal and other requirements. It includes managing nonconformities, implementing corrective and preventive actions, and conducting audits to ensure adherence to plans 6. Management Review (Section 4.6): This section necessitates management to review recorded outputs, ensuring that actions align with plans and adequate resources are allocated to meet the requirements. It involves a formal evaluation of the management system processes for decision-making and improvement. These sections are designed based on the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle, aiming to drive and maintain improvements within an organization's processes related to occupational health & safety. These sections follow a Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle aimed at implementing and maintaining improvements within an organization's processes. Benefits of Implementing OHSAS 18001: - Enhanced Image and Credibility: Demonstrates commitment to employee health and safety, improving relations with stakeholders. - Improved Cost Control: Reduces incidents, potential lawsuits, and insurance costs. Page 20 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 20 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

- Evidence-Based Decision Making: Utilizes accurate data for successful improvements. - Culture of Continual Improvement: Fosters ongoing enhancement of processes and safety. - Employee Engagement: Increases focus and retention by prioritizing employee health and safety. Steps to Achieve OHSAS 18001 Certification: 1. Develop an OH&SMS: Tailored to the organization's needs and aligned with OHSAS 18001 requirements. 2. Documentation and Implementation: Create necessary policies, procedures, and processes. Operate the system over a period of time. 3. Internal Audit: Review and ensure compliance with OH&SMS processes. 4. Management Review: Evaluate system processes formally. 5. Corrective Actions: Address identified problems and document resolutions. 6. Certification Process: Engage a certification body for a two-stage audit. Individual Training and Certification: - OHSAS 18001 Lead Auditor Course: Focuses on understanding the standard for auditing against its requirements, leading to certification for auditing with accreditation. - OHSAS 18001 Internal Auditor Course: A shorter course for internal auditing within a company. -OHSAS 18001 Awareness and Implementation Course: Provides an overview and knowledge for implementing the standard within a company. Reviewing the existing system When evaluating existing records, the authorised personnel must be consulted. There must be extensive consultation with the project's engineers, supervisors, and labourers. To maintain health and safety requirements, the project managers are the most critical people to contact. There are also first aid records that must be evaluated in order to ensure the workers' health and safety, as they are regularly exposed to various chemicals and dangerous substances. These numerous persons document various points of view and observations. Various observations are recorded in order to save records for future reference. Such actions must be monitored to determine whether they are being carried out efficiently by authorised staff. Because the most efficient implementation of the existing system might provide better safety and security to staff members. It will save time to efficiently implement an already designed system. It will also save the company's resources that must be allocated for the new system by paying the cost. In other words, such assessments of existing systems will save money. As a result, it must be assured that all existing systems are examined on time in order to ensure the office and site's safety and health standards.Risk Profile Review and critical analysis Page 21 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 21 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

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Risk profile CHC Construction Company creates risk profiles in accordance with Abu Dhabi Environmental Health and Safety Management System (ADEHSMS) recommendations using OSHAS 18001 standards. They adhere to Code of Practise rules such as 44.0 for Traffic Management, 1.0 for Hazardous Materials, and 52.0 for Local Exhaust Ventilation, and follow a five-step procedure based on ADEHSMS RF TG for risk management. CHC Construction Company's health and safety systems and risk profile are scrutinised: Physical dangers such as falls, machinery accidents, and exposure to toxic materials, as well as project- related uncertainties such as material delays and subcontractor reliability, all pose major risks to CHC Construction Company. While these risks have a moderate to high potential of having a negative impact, such as project delays and increased costs, the organisation has a solid integration of health and safety risks into its entire business risk management approach. Although the majority of essential risks have been identified through organisational risk profiling, there is a need to increase the efficacy of risk assessment methods for a more complete assessment. Even while key controls have been established, their implementation differs between project sites, demanding a more consistent approach. The resource distribution is aligned with high-risk tasks, with an emphasis on employee training, although there is space for improvement in resource allocation for risk reduction. While the organisation regularly involves stakeholders in risk assessments and conducts frequent reviews based on established risk levels, there is room for frontline workers to be involved in risk identification even more. Although health and safety professionals play an important role, additional involvement is required to build a more comprehensive safety culture inside the organisation. Overall, while CHC Construction Company shows strengths in integrating health and safety into business risk management, adhering to standards, and conducting regular risk assessments, there is a need for improvements in risk assessment methods, uniform implementation of critical controls, and increased frontline worker involvement to ensure more effective risk management practises. Risk Rating Matrix: - Probability: Categorized as rare, possible, likely, often, and frequent, assigned ratings 1 to 5 based on occurrence likelihood from never occurred to occurring several times a year. - Severity: Ranges from insignificant to catastrophic, rated 1 to 5, based on outcomes like minor injuries to multiple fatalities. Risk Assessment Matrix: - Risk assessment matrix combines severity and probability ratings to derive a risk rating using the formula: Risk Rating = Probability x Severity. - Matrix outlines consequences for each probability-severity combination, facilitating accurate risk rating determination. - Risk categories include extreme, high, moderate, and low risk, with specific ranges dictating actions necessary for each category. - Extreme Risk (15 – 25): Activity/industry cannot continue in current conditions. Page 22 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 22 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

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- High Risk (8 – 12): Activity/industry requires modification through top management's remedial planning and detailed assessment. - Moderate Risk (4 – 6): Management consideration for activity/industry modification. - Low Risk (1 – 3): No further action or planning required unless operational escalation occurs. This risk assessment approach helps CHC Construction Company develop action plans and categorize risks effectively, ensuring a safe working environment for employees. Table 4: Risk Rating Matrix - Probability and Severity: Probability Rating Probability of the Hazard Severity Rating Severity of the Hazard Rare 1 Never occurred in the industry Insignificant 1 Minor injuries needing first aid Possible 2 Occurred in the industry (Worldwide) Minor 2 Minor injuries requiring medical assistance Likely 3 Occurred once in UAE Moderate 3 Injuries requiring off- site treatment Often 4 Occurs several times a year in UAE Major 4 Single Fatality Frequent 5 Occurs several times a year at location Catastrophic 5 Multiple Fatalities Table 5: Risk Assessment Matrix - Probability x Severity: Probability Consequence Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic Rare (1) 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 5 . 0 Possible (2) 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 10 . 0 Likely (3) 3.0 6.0 9.0 12.0 15.0 15 . 0 Often (4) 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0 20.0 20 . 0 Frequent (5) 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 25 . 0 Table 6: Risk Categories based on Risk Rating: Risk Rating Range Category Description 15 – 25 Extreme Risk p – 4 Activity/industry should not proceed in current form 8 – 12 High Risk p – 3 Activity/industry requires modification by top management 4 – 6 Moderate Risk p – 2 Management review for potential modification 1 – 3 Low Risk p – 1 No further action/plans required unless escalation occurs Page 23 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 23 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

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Evaluation of Improvement Based on the critical analysis, the following top three improvements have been identified as having the greatest influence on enhancing CHC Construction Company's health and safety performance: Improvement 1: Enhancing Worker Involvement: Justification: Despite some level of worker involvement in health and safety matters, the effectiveness of mechanisms received mixed feedback. Strengthening worker involvement can significantly improve safety culture, identify potential hazards, and foster a sense of ownership over safety measures among the workforce. Implementation Plan: - Responsibility: Health and Safety Management, HR Department, and Line Managers. -Resources: Time for regular consultations, communication channels, training for workers on hazard identification, and empowerment. - Training: Hazard identification, risk assessment, and reporting procedures. - Timescales: Immediate implementation with ongoing reinforcement. - Effectiveness Measurement: Tracking the frequency and quality of worker consultations, increased hazard reporting, and improved safety practices. - Learning Lessons: Regular feedback mechanisms, analyzing incident reports, and sharing best practices across teams. Improvement 2: Uniform Implementation of Critical Controls from Risk Profile: -Justification: While critical risks were identified, their implementation varied across project sites. Ensuring uniformity in critical control measures can significantly reduce the likelihood of incidents or accidents. Page 24 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 24 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

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- Implementation Plan: - Responsibility: Health and Safety Management, Project Managers, and Site Supervisors. - Resources: Review and standardization of control procedures, training sessions, and provision of necessary safety equipment. - Training: Training sessions on critical control measures and their importance. - Timescales: Phased implementation across sites within a defined timeline. - Effectiveness Measurement: Audits for compliance, incident reports, and regular assessments of control measures. - Learning Lessons: Feedback mechanisms from site supervisors, incident investigations, and continual improvement processes. Improvement 3: Improving Compliance Demonstrations: - Justification: While awareness of compliance requirements is good, demonstrating clear compliance remains a challenge. Enhancing documentation, monitoring, and implementation can bridge this gap effectively. - Implementation Plan: - Responsibility: Compliance Officers, Health and Safety Management, and Quality Assurance Team. Analysis of audit findings, feedback from compliance officers, and corrective action These improvements will be achieved through collaborative efforts involving various departments and levels within the organization. Regular training sessions, audits, and continuous monitoring will ensure sustained improvements. Ethical considerations will be addressed by ensuring that all improvements align with legal and ethical standards and by promoting a culture of openness and transparency regarding health and safety practices. Page 25 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 25 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

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Role of the health and safety practitioner The function of a health and safety practitioner in implementing improvements within the organisation entails a variety of responsibilities, with a focus on leadership, management, and specialised experience in health and safety practises. In order to navigate the implementation process, it is critical to Leadership Role: developing competency in health and safety practices. This involves leading by example, fostering a safety-oriented culture, and empowering others to take ownership of safety initiatives. communicating a compelling vision of a safer workplace. Encouraging engagement and fostering a sense Management Role: Management Styles: Utilizing different management styles such as participative, consultative, and coaching styles to facilitate the implementation of improvements. Adapting management approaches based on the specific needs of teams and individuals involved in the implementation process. Planning and Execution: Developing detailed plans for implementing improvements, setting clear objectives, allocating resources effectively, and overseeing the execution of these plans in a systematic manner. Recognizing Limits of Personal Competence and Specialist Input: Personal Competence Limits: Acknowledging personal competence limits and seeking specialist input where necessary. Recognizing when specialized expertise is required for certain aspects of the proposed improvements, such as technical aspects of risk assessments or legal compliance. Contribution of Critical Analysis to Personal Development: Skill Enhancement: The critical analysis process contributes to personal development by honing analytical skills, enhancing problem-solving abilities, and developing a deeper understanding of health and safety management systems. Self-Reflection: Through critical analysis, one learns to critically evaluate existing systems, identify strengths and weaknesses, and apply these insights to enhance personal competencies in health and safety management. Continuous Improvement: Engaging in critical analysis fosters a mindset of continual improvement, encouraging the health and safety practitioner to seek innovative solutions and drive positive change within the organization. Page 26 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 26 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

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The practitioner's role involves striking a balance between leadership, management, and specialized knowledge, leveraging different management styles to effectively implement improvements while recognizing personal limits and seeking specialized input where necessary. Additionally, the critical analysis process contributes significantly to personal development by enhancing skills, encouraging self- reflection, and promoting a culture of continuous improvement. Effective communication of improvements Effective communication is vital in promoting and implementing improvements within an organization's health and safety framework. Utilizing various communication methods and strategies is essential to ensure ownership, participation, and successful implementation of these improvements: Communication Media: Meetings and Workshops: Conduct regular meetings and workshops involving management, employees, and stakeholders to discuss the improvements, explain their significance, and gather feedback. Emails and Memos: Send regular updates, notifications, and reminders via emails and memos to keep everyone informed about the progress, milestones, and any changes related to the improvements. Notice Boards and Posters: Use visual aids such as notice boards, posters, and signage to display key information, safety guidelines, and progress reports regarding the improvements. Intranet and Internal Newsletters: Utilize the company's intranet and internal newsletters to disseminate detailed information, case studies, success stories, and FAQs related to the improvements. Influencing Ownership: decision-making, and implementation processes. Seek their inputs, ideas, and feedback. driving the improvements. This includes assigning specific roles, tasks, and deadlines to managers and supervisors. representatives to negotiate and address concerns while aligning their interests with the improvement initiatives. Establish effective feedback channels to gather continuous input, suggestions, and concerns from employees, allowing them to feel heard and valued. Conflict/Change Management: Anticipate potential conflicts that may arise due to changes and proactively address them. Implement conflict resolution strategies to mitigate resistance and ensure a smooth transition. Page 27 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 27 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

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Implement a structured change management process to effectively manage resistance to change. This involves communication, training, support, and monitoring throughout the change process. Clear Communication of Roles and Responsibilities: Clearly communicate roles, responsibilities, and expectations regarding the improvements to all employees. This includes detailing specific tasks, deadlines, and reporting mechanisms. Training and Work Instructions: Provide necessary training sessions and detailed work instructions to ensure that workers understand their roles and how the improvements will be implemented in their day-to-day tasks. Regular Updates: Provide regular updates on progress and any changes in responsibilities to ensure alignment and understanding among all stakeholders. In essence, effective communication involves a multi-faceted approach utilizing various mediums and strategies to foster ownership, participation, and understanding of improvements, while proactively managing conflicts and ensuring clear communication of roles and responsibilities throughout the implementation process. Financial justification financial justification for each selected improvement is crucial to demonstrate the feasibility and value of these enhancements. Let's consider the top three improvements identified previously and provide financial justification for each: Improvement 1: Enhanced Training Programs for Workers Budget Responsibility: The Health and Safety Department/Manager would oversee this budget. Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA): - Costs: The initial cost for developing and implementing enhanced training programs might include expenses for training materials, hiring external trainers or consultants, and potential productivity loss during training sessions. Let's estimate this at $50,000 for initial development and implementation, with an ongoing annual cost of $20,000 for updates and refreshers. - Benefits: Reduction in accidents and injuries, decreased absenteeism, improved process efficiency, and enhanced compliance. Based on historical data and industry standards, estimating potential savings of $100,000 annually due to reduced accidents and increased efficiency. - Payback Period: Assuming a conservative estimate, the payback period might be within the first year itself, considering the potential savings outweighing the initial investment. -Influencing Budget Holder: Presenting a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis showcasing the significant reduction in accidents and the subsequent cost savings due to improved training programs. Page 28 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 28 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

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Emphasizing the quick payback period will likely influence the budget holder to allocate funds for this improvement. Improvement 2: Implementation of Real-Time Monitoring Systems Budget Responsibility: IT Department/Manager and Health and Safety Department/Manager would share the budget responsibility for this improvement. CBA: - Costs: Initial costs for acquiring and setting up real-time monitoring systems might involve hardware and software expenses, installation costs, and training for users. Estimating an initial cost of $80,000 and an ongoing annual cost of $15,000 for maintenance and updates. - Benefits: Improved incident response, enhanced oversight of potential hazards, increased productivity due to proactive risk mitigation, estimated annual savings of $120,000 through reduced incidents and enhanced operational efficiency. - Payback Period: Potentially within the first year or early into the second year, considering the substantial annual savings compared to the initial and ongoing costs. -Influencing Budget Holder: Demonstrating the considerable benefits in terms of improved safety and efficiency through real-time monitoring, accompanied by a clear cost-benefit analysis, will likely influence the budget holder's decision. Improvement 3: Strengthening Worker Involvement Mechanisms Budget Responsibility: Health and Safety Department/Manager with collaboration across various departments. CBA: - Costs: Costs might involve resources for additional employee engagement activities, feedback mechanisms, workshops, and training sessions. Estimating an initial cost of $40,000 with an ongoing annual cost of $10,000 for sustaining these mechanisms. - Benefits: Improved morale, increased safety awareness, more effective risk identification, estimated annual savings of $80,000 due to reduced accidents and enhanced worker involvement. - Payback Period: Similar to other improvements, potentially within the first year or early into the second year, given the estimated cost savings compared to the initial and ongoing costs. - Influencing Budget Holder: Highlighting the substantial benefits stemming from increased worker involvement, leading to reduced accidents and improved safety culture, would be key to influencing the budget holder's decision. In conclusion, the financial justifications for these improvements are supported by a cost-benefit analysis demonstrating substantial potential savings and efficiency gains compared to the initial and ongoing costs. These analyses highlight the sensibility and proportionality of the recommendations by Page 29 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 29 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

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showcasing significant benefits and reasonable payback periods, which should influence budget holders to support these health and safety decisions. Conclusion and Recommendation Based on the comprehensive review and critical analysis conducted across various elements of the organization's health and safety management system, several key issues and areas for improvement have been identified. These conclusions pave the way for justified and proportionate recommendations to enhance the overall health and safety performance within the organization: The assessment revealed commendable leadership commitment to health and safety; however, there are areas, such as visibility across organizational levels and responsiveness to safety reports that require improvement. Recommendations include enhancing visibility through regular communication and fostering a more responsive culture towards safety reports, ensuring a holistic approach to safety management. While there are structured health and safety plans in place, there's a need for more standardized policies, improved monitoring frequencies, and better control over third-party contractors. Recommendations involve refining policies, implementing more uniform monitoring practices, and enhancing control mechanisms over contractors. The survey highlighted a level of worker involvement but revealed gaps in the effectiveness of mechanisms, timing of consultations, and resource provision for health and safety representatives. Recommendations include improving mechanisms for effective worker involvement, ensuring timely consultations, addressing resource deficiencies, and catering to vulnerable workers' needs. While there's a recognized effectiveness of managers and supervisors, there remain uncertainties regarding the effectiveness of designated health and safety competent persons and identified competency gaps. Recommendations involve clearer communication about the role of competent persons, targeted training programs, and more defined procedures to ensure effective competence across all levels. While there's awareness of compliance requirements, there's a gap between awareness and demonstrable compliance. Recommendations include streamlining internal processes, documentation, and implementation mechanisms to ensure consistent alignment with all relevant compliance requirements. Moreover, improving risk assessment methods, standardizing controls, and increasing worker involvement in risk identification are recommended. The financial justification for proposed improvements, such as enhanced training programs, real-time monitoring systems, and strengthened worker involvement, showcases significant potential savings and efficiency gains compared to initial and ongoing costs. Recommendations involve emphasizing these cost-benefit analyses to influence budget holders to support health and safety decisions.In summary, the main issues identified across various facets of the health and safety management system underscore the need for improved communication, standardized policies and practices, enhanced worker involvement, and a more comprehensive approach to risk management. The recommendations, derived from these conclusions, are aimed at addressing these issues proportionately and sensibly, ensuring a robust and continuously improving health and safety culture within the organization. Page 30 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751 Page 30 of 30 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2761163751

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