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LING 100 Tutorial Week 5 LING 100
Morphology
The first 4 questions (1. Word Trees, 2. & 3. Morphology Data Sets, Sign language morphology) are required to be completed and submitted online before Friday, February 9th at 9 am. Other exercises in the tutorial handout are available for you to try, but are NOT required. These questions give you a sense of what sorts of questions you could get on the exam, assignment or quiz.
Tutorial Exercises: Required Questions
1.
Draw Word Trees
Practice drawing word trees for each of the following words.
a. tourists
b. endearment
c. irreplaceable
i.
For the 3 words above determine the following for the affixes:
a.
Which are bound and which are free? And what is the root?
Tourists: Free morpheme (no affixes).
Endearment: Both bound and free; "en-" and "-ment" are bound, and "dear" is free.
Irreplaceable: Both bound and free; "ir-" and "-able" are bound, and "replace" is free.
b.
What kind of affix are they (e.g., infix, prefix, suffix, circumfix) and why?
Prefix: "en-" and "ir-"
Suffix: "-ment" and "-able"
Circumfix: None
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February 2024
LING 100 Tutorial Week 5 c.
Which affixes are inflectional and which are derivational and why?
Endearment: Both "en-" and "-ment" are derivational, they change the meaning and create a new word.
Irreplaceable: Both "ir-" and "-able" are derivational; they modify the root to create a new word.
ii.
Provide one example of a word that is ambiguous (i.e., could have more than one word tree & that is reflected in different meanings)
‘bank’
Meanings:
A financial institution The side of a river 2
February 2024
LING 100 Tutorial Week 5 2.
Morphology Analysis Problem #1 –
Kanuri (Nilo-Saharan)
Consider the following data from Kanuri, which is spoken in Nigeria.
a.
What type of affix is illustrated by these data? (prefix, suffix, or infix)
Suffix
b.
What is the form of the affix, and what is its approximate meaning?
The suffix is "nem"
Meaning: transformation into a quality or state associated with the base adjective.
c.
What is the change in grammatical category that is caused by the affix?
changes the base adjective into a noun
d.
Given keji ‘sweet’, what is ‘sweetness’ in Kanuri?
[nemkeji]
e.
Given nemnala ‘goodness’, what is ‘good’ in Kanuri? [nala]
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February 2024
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LING 100 Tutorial Week 5 3.
Morphology Analysis Problem #2 – Turkish (Turkic)
Consider the following data from Turkish
a. Fill in the appropriate morpheme
‘
hand’:
el
‘your (sing.)’:
-in
‘house’: ev
‘your (plural)’: -lerin
‘plural’:-ler
‘to’:-e
‘my’:-im
‘in’: -de
‘our’: -imiz
‘from’:
-den
b. What is the order of the morphemes in a word in Turkish?
Possessive – plural – root - case
c. Based on the answers to (a) and (b), how would you translate the following English forms into Turkish:
‘to our houses’: evimizlere
‘in my house’:
evimde
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February 2024
LING 100 Tutorial Week 5 4.
Signed language morphology – Polish Sign Language (Polish Sign Language)
Consider the following signs in Polish sign language.
From observing the images above, in which set of signs from A or B demonstrate the use of negation as an affix? Explain your answer.
Negation is used as an affix in both sets A and B. Negation is represented in sets A and B by appending NEG as an affix (ZNAC + NEG) and NIE- as a prefix (NIE-MOC), respectively. The negated form of the base verb is indicated in both cases by the addition of a morpheme, which changes its meaning. Therefore, in Polish Sign Language, sets A and B both demonstrate the use of negation as an affix.
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LING 100 Tutorial Week 5 If there is time… (NOT REQUIRED)
A. Word Formation
For each of the “new” words, decide which of the word formation are most
likely to account for this word. You are given a definition to help you determine what sense of the word is meant.
a. bromance: a close but nonsexual relationship between two men.
b. barbie: a noun meaning a meal or gathering at which meat, fish, or other food is cooked out of doors on a rack over an open fire or on a portable grill.
c. favourite: a verb meaning to store a link to (a web page) in a web browser so as to enable quick access in future; to bookmark. d. MacGyver: a verb meaning to construct, fix, or modify (something) in an improvised or inventive way, typically by making use of whatever items are at hand.
e. Kleenex: a noun meaning an absorbent disposable paper tissue.
B.
Word Trees
a. unlawfulness
b. denationalization
6
February 2024
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LING 100 Tutorial Week 5 C. Kurdish (Indo-European) - Iran
a. What type of affix is illustrated in these data? (prefix, suffix, or infix)
b. What is the form of the affix, and what is its approximate meaning?
c. What is the change in grammatical category that is caused by the affix?
(There is one exception here – which is it?)
d. Given that raas means ‘true’, what is the meaning of raasii?
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February 2024
LING 100 Tutorial Week 5 D. Swahili (Niger-Congo)– East Africa
a. Give the Swahili morphemes associated with each of the following meanings:
Subjects
:
Objects
:
‘I’:
‘me’:
‘you’:
‘you’:
‘he’:
‘him’:
‘we’:
‘us’:
‘they’:
‘them’:
Tenses
:
Roots
:
future (‘will X’):
‘like’:
present (‘is Xing’):
‘flog’:
perfect (‘has Xed’):
‘annoy’:
past (‘Xed’):
‘pay’:
b. What is the order of the morphemes in the word? (Describe the order using only the terms Root, Tense, Subject, and Object.)
c. Give the meaning of the following words:
atanilipa
utawapiga
walikupenda
nimemsumbua
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February 2024