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Unveiling the Dynamics of Intimate Partner Violence: The Social Learning Theory
Perspective
Sid Vanne R. Ramos
Department of Criminal Justice, Purdue University Global
CJ333: Family and Domestic Violence
Professor Michael Pozesny
November 15
th
, 2023
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Unveiling the Dynamics of Intimate Partner Violence: The Social Learning Theory
Perspective
Abstract
This research explores how Aker's Social Learning Theory can be applied to comprehend
the perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) in diverse situations. Based on evidence and
theoretical frameworks, the study investigates the contribution of social learning processes to
normalizing aggressive behaviors within intimate relationships. The analysis integrates findings
from Li's (2022) examination of social structure and social learning theory in the context of IPV
perpetration and the information gathered from "Socialization and the Normalization of
Deviance" (2023). The study aims to explain how people learn from each other and how that
affects intimate partner violence (IPV).
Introduction
Intimate partner violence (IPV), labeled by the infliction of physical, psychological, or sexual harm by one partner on another, persists as a widespread societal problem, leading to significant consequences for both individuals and communities. Aker's Social Learning Theory provides a valuable framework for understanding how social interactions acquire, reinforce, and perpetuate behaviors. This paper incorporates insights from recent research to examine the role of social learning in the perpetration of IPV, drawing on Li's (2022) study on social structure and
social learning theory and "Socialization and the Normalization of Deviance" (2023), which contributes to an understanding of social learning dynamics. Background and Theoretical Framework Aker's Social Learning Theory concludes that people acquire behaviors by observing,
imitating, and experiencing reinforcement. Behavior is more likely to be adopted if rewarded or
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positively reinforced. The theory emphasizes the role of socialization, where individuals
internalize norms, values, and behaviors through interactions with significant others. In the
context of IPV, this theory suggests that individuals may learn and perpetuate violent behaviors
within intimate relationships through observed interactions and reinforcement mechanisms.
Li's (2022) Contribution:
Li's study explores the intersection of social structure and social learning theory in the context of IPV perpetration. The research investigates how societal structures influence the dynamics of social learning, shaping individuals' perceptions of violence within intimate relationships. By examining national contexts, Li provides insights into how social learning processes operate, contributing to the understanding of the cross-cultural applicability of Aker's Social Learning Theory.
Insights from "Socialization and the Normalization of Deviance" (2023):
The article "Socialization and the Normalization of Deviance" expands the theoretical foundation by exploring deviant behaviors in general. While not explicitly focused on IPV, this study offers valuable data on how social learning contributes to normalizing deviant behaviors. By comprehending the broader context of socialization and deviant behavior, one can employ these principles to analyze the dynamics involved in the perpetration of intimate partner violence
(IPV). Examples Supporting Aker's Social Learning Theory in IPV Perpetration
Family Modeling and Intergenerational Transmission
Example
: A critical aspect of Social Learning Theory is the role of family in shaping
behavior. Children growing up in households where IPV is present may perceive such behavior
as usual. Witnessing a parent using violence as a means of resolving conflicts can contribute to
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the intergenerational transmission of violent behaviors. These individuals may unknowingly
replicate the same patterns in their adult relationships, perpetuating the cycle of intimate partner
violence (Li, 2022).
Peer Association and Norms
Example: Socialization within peer groups can significantly influence behavior. If an individual is part of a social circle where controlling or aggressive behavior is normalized, they may internalize these norms, considering them acceptable or desirable. The pressure to conform to perceived group expectations may lead to replicating these behaviors within the individual's intimate relationships.
Media Influence and Imitation
Example: Studies have consistently shown that exposure to violence in various forms of media, such as movies, television shows, or online content, can significantly impact an individual's behavior. A person who witnesses violent behaviors, especially in the context of intimate relationships, may be more prone to imitating such actions. For instance, a person exposed to portrayals of aggressive behavior as a means of conflict resolution might unconsciously adopt similar patterns in their relationships (Li, 2022).
Reward and Punishment Dynamics Example
: Social Learning Theory concludes that behaviors are reinforced or discouraged based on the consequences individuals observe. In the case of IPV, an individual might witness a
friend or family member being rewarded for controlling or aggressive behavior in their relationship, reinforcing the notion that such actions lead to desired outcomes. Conversely, observing negative consequences for non-aggressive behavior may deter individuals from adopting non-violent conflict resolution strategies.
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Conclusion
Aker's Social Learning Theory offers valuable insights into the dynamics of IPV
perpetration. The examples presented align with the core principles of the theory, emphasizing
the role of family, peers, media, and reinforcement mechanisms in shaping behaviors within
intimate relationships. Li's study and the article “Socialization and the Normalization of
Deviance” provide scholarly support, reinforcing the applicability of Aker's Social Learning
Theory across diverse contexts and highlighting the complex nature of social learning processes
in understanding IPV perpetration.
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References
Li, C. K. W. (2022). The Applicability of Social Structure and Social Learning Theory to
Explain Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Across National Contexts. Journal
of Interpersonal Violence, 37
(23/24), NP22475-NP22500. https://doi-
org.libauth.purdueglobal.edu/10.1177/08862605211072166)
This is a credible reference because it came from a peer-reviewed academic
journal. Siegel, L. J. (2018). Criminology: Theories, Patterns, and Typologies
, 13th ed. Boston, MA:
Cengage Learning. (p. 163)
This is a credible reference because it came from a peer-reviewed academic
journal.
Socialization and the Normalization of Deviance: A Partial Test of Social Learning Theory.
(2023). International Social Science Review, 99
(1), 1–23.
This is a credible reference because it came from a peer-reviewed academic
journal.
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