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Exam 3 Chapters 9-11 Study Guide 1 1) Because the states wanted to retain significant legislative authority and judicial autonomy, the United States has a(n) ________ system 2) Courts that have the authority to review a decision made by a lower court are said to have ________ jurisdiction. 3) ________ refers to the lawful authority of a court to hear or to act on a case from its beginning and to pass judgment on the law and the facts. 4) TV shows like The People’s Court and Judge Judy are examples of which type of court? 5) A drug court is an example of a(n) ________. 6) ________ created the federal court system. 7) The U.S. District Courts are the ________ for the federal court system. 8) How are federal district court judges selected? 9) ________ appeals to federal appellate courts involve major questions of law and policy where there is considerable professional disagreement among the courts. 10) The power of judicial review allows the U.S. Supreme Court to ________. 11) Which U.S. Supreme Court case established the Court’s as the final interpreter of the U.S. Constitution? 12) Which of the following is a member of the courtroom work group? 13) ________ is information tending to clear a person of guilt or blame. 14) A defendant who is not indigent and who can afford private attorney fees will have which
Exam 3 Chapters 9-11 Study Guide 2 type of defense attorney? 15) What is the earliest stage of the court process at which defendant may be given formal notice of the charges against them? 16) Based on the decision in McNabb v. U.S., the standard maximum time by which a first appearance should be held has been set at ________ hours after arrest. 17) When is a probable cause hearing necessary? 18) Which of the following is the purpose of bail? 19) Release on recognizance ________. 20) Bob consigned all his stock holdings to the court as collateral to ensure he would not abscond before trial. What type of bail did Bob post? 21) An indictment is sent to the trial court by the ________. 22) If a grand jury is not used, the prosecutor files a(n) ________ against the accused. 23) What is the primary purpose of the preliminary hearing? 24) Which of the following types of pleas is most like a guilty plea? 25
) When a defendant “stands mute” at arraignment, they are considered to have entered a ________. 26) Overall, approximately what percent of state criminal cases are resolved through plea
Exam 3 Chapters 9-11 Study Guide 3 bargaining? 27) The primary purpose of a criminal trial is to ________. 28) ________ is established only when the prosecutor presents sufficient evidence to convince the judge or jury that the defendant is guilty as charged. 29) American criminal trial courts operate under a structure known as ________. 30) The right to a speedy trial is guaranteed by the ________ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. 31) ________ do not require the attorney making it to provide a reason for the challenge. 32) During jury selection, challenges for cause ________. 33) ________ the jury removes the jurors from all possible outside influences. 34) ________ evidence requires interpretation or requires a judge or jury to reach a conclusion based on what the evidence indicates. 35) Fingerprints and tire tracks are examples of ________ evidence. 36) The just deserts model of sentencing emphasizes ________. 37) Which goal of sentencing focuses on separating offenders from society to reduce opportunities for further criminality? 38) General deterrence attempts to ________.
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Exam 3 Chapters 9-11 Study Guide 4 39) Which sentencing model tends to involve the greatest amount of judicial discretion? 40) A sentence of 8 to 15 years in prison is an example of ________ sentencing. 41) Under the indeterminate sentencing model, what is the primary determinant of the amount of time served? 42) Proportionality means that ________. 43) ________ is a type of sentencing plan that allows no leeway in the imposition of a sentence for a person convicted of a crime. 44) ________ involves suspending criminal proceedings and referring the alleged offender to a private agency. 45) What appears to be the most dramatic result of the recent emphasis on the use of mandatory sentencing and other get-tough policies? 46) Before sentencing a judge requests information on a convicted defendant’s background, the probation or parole office will conduct a ________ investigation. 47
) What is the main limitation of the Crime Victims’ Rights Act? 48) Research into victim-impact statements has found that ________. 49) Which of the following is an advantage of the imposition of fines as a criminal sanction? 50) The majority of death-penalty states use which method of execution?