National Response Framework (NFR)
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Brookline College, Tempe *
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Course
CJ260
Subject
Information Systems
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
docx
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3
Uploaded by ChancellorLyrebird410
Introduction
In 2019, The
National Response Framework
(NRF) was created to replace the National
Response Plan from 2008. The National Response Framework was created ensure that
during an emergency or disaster, all agencies respond the same way. The NRF is
expandable and contractible and allows for all of the components of an effective
emergency response system (Martin, 2020). The NRF includes 15 core competencies
known as emergency support functions (ESFs).
Learning Materials
Responses to emergencies or disasters is a major duty of the Department of Homeland
Security (DHS). Recently, the United States has seen major gaps in the response efforts
by all levels of government during declared emergencies or disasters. After the creation
of the DHS through the Homeland Security Act of 2002, President George W. Bush
issued Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5 (HSPD-5) to begin to minimize or
eliminate these gaps.
National Response Plan
During the evolution of the National Response Plan (NRP), an additional method—
known as the
National Incident Management System
(NIMS)—was created to allow for
an all-hazards umbrella approach to emergency response (Martin, 2020). An all-hazards
approach defines specific core competencies such as mitigation, preparedness,
response and recovery planning that involve a whole community focus created before a
disaster occurs (p. 36).
The National Incident Management System (NIMS), exists to ensure that emergency
responders from any part of the country all respond the same with the same training.
When a disaster occurs in one part of the country and is overwhelmed the system
requires more personnel or resources to respond, support can be brought to assist from
other areas of the country. The support that addresses a disaster or emergency is
known as emergency response operations.
Within the emergency response operations, each resource support staff has a
designated job role and becomes part of the emergency support function or (ESF).
These emergency support functions are numbered from 1 to 15 (Department of
Homeland Security, 2017).
National Response Framework
In implementing the NRF to build national preparedness, partners were
encouraged to develop a shared understanding of broad-level strategic
implications when they make critical decisions in building future capacity and
capability. The whole community should be engaged in examining and
implementing the strategy and doctrine contained in this framework,
considering both current and future requirements in the process. To establish
the whole community's engagement, the NRF established specified roles and
responsibilities for various levels of the community.
These included the following:
Individuals, families, and households
Communities
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
Private-sector entities
Local governments
State, tribal, territorial, and insular area governments
Federal government
The NRF also addresses what the various partners must do to deliver the
response core capabilities and to integrate successfully with the prevention,
protection, mitigation, and recovery mission areas (Department of Homeland
Security, 2016). Operational planning is conducted among these partners to
ensure adequate planning and implementation.
From the federal perspective,
integrated planning
helps explain how federal
departments and agencies and other national-level whole community partners
provide the right resources at the right time to support local, state, tribal,
territorial, and insular area government response operations. To do this,
integrated planning is conducted using a six-step planning process, as shown in
the following (Department of Homeland Security, 2016):
The six steps are the following:
1.
Forming a collaborative planning team
2.
Understanding the situation
3.
Determining goals and objectives
4.
Planning development
5.
Planning, preparing, reviewing, and approving
6.
Planning implementation and maintenance
These steps are important because the response framework is not
uniform for each level of the whole community or each emergency. It is
simply a generalized expectation for understanding the needs of each
partner before, during, and after a disaster. However, as a bottom-up
system, the NRF is designed to provide assistance only after state and
local agencies have exhausted all available resources.
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