CJ 310 Project Two

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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CJ 310

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Information Systems

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Dec 6, 2023

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Running head: SECURITY ANALYSIS REPORT 1 Security Analysis Report CJ 310 Project Two Ariel Penton Southern New Hampshire University October 15, 2023

SECURITY ANALYSIS REPORT 2 Introduction The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is a crucial component of the United States government tasked with ensuring the safety and security of the nation. Within DHS, numerous agencies have distinct roles and responsibilities, contributing to the overall mission of safeguarding U.S. citizens and critical infrastructure sectors. This report provides an in-depth analysis of two major DHS agencies, their roles, organizational structures, and their contributions to the protection of a specific critical infrastructure sector. Additionally, it explores how their missions help maintain the safety of U.S. citizens and addresses potential vulnerabilities. Roles of Major Agencies Within DHS The Customs and Border Protections (CBP) plays a pivotal role in safeguarding the nation's borders and controlling the flow of people and goods. Its responsibilities include managing immigration, customs, and border security, which are essential for preventing the illegal entry of individuals and contraband into the United States. The CBP also manages trade, travel, and cargo, ensuring the lawful movement of goods. ( Office of Field Operations What We Do , n.d.). Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) focuses on defending critical infrastructure and enhancing the resilience of the nation's cybersecurity. It manages cybersecurity efforts, offering guidance and protection against cyber threats. CISA is essential for safeguarding vital systems and data in sectors such as energy, transportation, and information technology. ( https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/CISA- Factsheet_14%20April_508C.pdf , n.d.). Both CBP and CISA recognize the importance of sharing information to achieve their missions. Failure to share critical information could result in significant consequences. CBP shares intelligence with various agencies, including Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and the U.S. Coast Guard. A lack of information sharing could lead to ineffective border control and increased risks of terrorism or smuggling. Similarly, CISA collaborates with other agencies like the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC) to share critical cybersecurity information. Failure to share information may result in inadequate preparedness for cyber threats, potentially compromising critical infrastructure. CBP's major security policies include border security and customs enforcement, contributing to the agency's mission of safeguarding the nation's borders and regulating trade and travel. These policies help the CBP

SECURITY ANALYSIS REPORT 3 maintain order at entry points and prevent threats from entering the country. ( Border Patrol Overview , n.d.). CISA's main security policies revolve around cybersecurity and the protection of critical infrastructure. These policies align with CISA's mission to defend against cyber threats and vulnerabilities that could disrupt essential services and national security. By promoting cybersecurity best practices and incident response, CISA ensures the resilience of critical infrastructure sectors. ( Information Sharing and Awareness | CISA , n.d.). Organizational Structures The CBP communicates regularly with agencies like ICE, the U.S. Coast Guard, and the Transportation Security Administration (TSA). ( Partner Government Agencies Import Guides , n.d.). The hierarchical structure of CBP includes the Commissioner, Deputy Commissioner, and various offices and components responsible for specific functions. The Commissioner reports to the Secretary of Homeland Security. CISA interacts with agencies such as FEMA and NCCIC, and its organizational structure includes the Director, Deputy Director, and various divisions and offices focusing on cybersecurity and infrastructure protection. The Director reports to the Secretary of Homeland Security. ( https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/CISA- Factsheet_14%20April_508C.pdf , n.d.). Critical Infrastructure Sector Both CBP and CISA collaborate to protect the "Transportation Systems Sector" (TSS) within the critical infrastructure sectors. The TSS includes aviation, mass transit, highway and motor carrier, maritime transportation, and pipelines. The "Transportation Security Administration (TSA)" is primarily responsible for TSS. To address potential threats to the TSS, CBP and CISA recommend enhancing the screening and inspection processes for passengers and cargo, implementing advanced cybersecurity measures, and conducting joint exercises and drills to prepare for emergency situations and cyber incidents. Goals of Homeland Security The missions of CBP and CISA play essential roles in maintaining the safety of U.S. citizens. CBP's efforts at border security and customs enforcement ensure that dangerous individuals, contraband, and illegal goods are kept out

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SECURITY ANALYSIS REPORT 4 of the country, protecting the American public from potential threats. ( About CBP , n.d.). CISA's mission to defend against cyber threats helps protect critical infrastructure sectors, preventing disruptions that could have severe consequences for public safety. By enhancing the resilience of these sectors, CISA contributes to the overall safety and security of U.S. citizens. (CISA, 2019). The agencies are tasked with protecting various vulnerabilities, including border vulnerabilities (CBP) and cyber vulnerabilities (CISA). These vulnerabilities may be exploited by adversaries to threaten national security, public safety, and critical infrastructure. CBP must address vulnerabilities in border control, while CISA focuses on identifying and mitigating cyber vulnerabilities in the nation's critical infrastructure systems. Conclusion In conclusion, the Department of Homeland Security's agencies, such as Customs and Border Protection and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, are integral components of U.S. national security. Their roles, organizational structures, and missions are intricately connected to safeguarding the nation's borders, critical infrastructure sectors, and the safety of U.S. citizens. Their efforts are crucial in addressing vulnerabilities and mitigating potential threats, ensuring the continued security of the United States.

SECURITY ANALYSIS REPORT 5 References Critical Infrastructure Sectors | CISA . (n.d.). Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency CISA. https://www.cisa.gov/topics/critical-infrastructure-security-and-resilience/critical-infrastructure- sectors ( Critical Infrastructure Sectors | CISA , n.d.) President Donald J. Trump Is Protecting the United States from Terrorism . (2018, October 4). NATIONAL SECURITY & DEFENSE. Retrieved October 15, 2023, from https://web.archive.org/web/20201223105246/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings- statements/president-donald-j-trump-protecting-america-terrorism/ Office of Field Operations What we do . (n.d.). U.S. Customs And Border Protection. https://www.cbp.gov/careers/ofo/what-we-do#:~:text=U.S.%20Customs%20and%20Border %20Protection%20Officers%20are%20responsible%20for%20America's,activity%2C %20narcotics%20and%20human%20trafficking.

SECURITY ANALYSIS REPORT 6 Border Patrol overview . (n.d.). U.S. Customs And Border Protection. https://www.cbp.gov/border- security/along-us-borders/overview#:~:text=Linewatch%20and%20Signcutting&text=o %20prevent%20the%20illegal%20entry,can%20escape%20from%20border%20areas. Partner government agencies import guides . (n.d.). U.S. Customs And Border Protection. https://www.cbp.gov/trade/basic-import-export/e-commerce/partner-government-agencies- import-guides About CBP . (n.d.). U.S. Customs And Border Protection. https://www.cbp.gov/about#:~:text=Secure %20the%20Border%20%E2%80%93%20Protect%20the,promote%20national%20and %20economic%20security. Information Sharing and Awareness | CISA . (n.d.). Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency CISA. https://www.cisa.gov/information-sharing-and-awareness https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/CISA-Factsheet_14%20April_508C.pdf . (n.d.). Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency: Who We Are. Retrieved October 15, 2023, from https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/CISA- Factsheet_14%20April_508C.pdf CISA. (2019). Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. STRATEGIC INTENT , 9–13. https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/cisa_strategic_intent_s508c.pdf

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SECURITY ANALYSIS REPORT 7

CJ 310 Project Two

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