Unit 6 PMAL 404
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PMAL404: Smart and Sustainable Cities
Unit 6: Responses to COVID-19
What new technologies were used at the beginning of the pandemic, how quickly were
they adopted, and how successful were they? (Provide 2-3 examples)
Response:
At the beginning of the pandemic, several new technologies were quickly adopted to combat the spread
of COVID-19. One prominent example is the use of contact tracing apps, such as Canada's COVID
Alert app, which utilized Bluetooth technology to notify users if they had been in close proximity to
someone who tested positive for the virus. Another significant technology was telehealth services, which
saw a rapid expansion allowing patients to consult healthcare providers remotely. These technologies
were adopted at an unprecedented pace, often within weeks to a few months of the pandemic's onset.
The success of these technologies varied; contact tracing apps faced challenges in terms of privacy
concerns and adoption rates, while telehealth services were widely regarded as a success, improving
access to healthcare during lockdowns.
In what ways did governments act in ways that were unprecedented or at least unusual
in the context of normal life?
Response:
Governments acted in unprecedented ways by enforcing widespread lockdowns, mandating the closure
of non-essential businesses, schools, and public spaces, and implementing travel restrictions. Such
measures were largely unparalleled in recent history, affecting the daily lives of billions of people. The
use of emergency powers to enforce health measures, including mandatory mask-wearing and social
distancing in public spaces, was also unusual in the context of normal life. These actions reflected the
severity of the public health crisis and the urgent need to contain the spread of the virus, demonstrating
a level of government intervention and control over personal and economic activities that was
extraordinary.
Provide one example of the use of technology, such as social media or an app, that
emphasized the public good and one that emphasized individual liberties. For each
example, explain your reasoning in one sentence.
Response:
One example of technology use that emphasized the public good is the COVID Alert app in Canada.
This app utilized Bluetooth technology to anonymously notify users if they had been near someone who
tested positive for COVID-19, aiming to reduce the spread of the virus while respecting privacy. This
initiative prioritized the collective health and safety of the community by facilitating timely self-
isolation and testing, illustrating a commitment to the public good by using technology to trace and
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mitigate the spread of the virus without infringing on individual privacy more than necessary. On the
other hand, social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter emphasized individual liberties by
allowing users to share their opinions and organize protests against lockdown measures and vaccine
mandates. These platforms became arenas for the expression of personal freedoms and dissent against
government policies, highlighting the role of technology as a tool for individuals to voice their concerns
and mobilize for causes they believe in. This use of technology underscores the value placed on
individual rights to free expression and assembly, even when such expressions contradict public health
advice or government mandates.
In the 'post-COVID' world, to what extent have any of these changes become more
permanent? Please use examples from the city in which you live or a city that you are
familiar with.
Response:
In the 'post-COVID' world, some of the changes initiated during the pandemic have indeed become
more permanent, especially in cities like Toronto. For instance, Toronto has seen a continued emphasis
on creating and expanding bike lanes as part of its ActiveTO initiative, which was introduced to
promote cycling and walking while reducing reliance on public transport. The city has also embraced
the concept of "CaféTO," which allows restaurants and bars to extend their dining areas onto sidewalks
and streets, supporting local businesses while maintaining social distancing. Moreover, the shift towards
remote work has persisted for many organizations, leading to discussions about the future use of office
spaces and the potential for more flexible, hybrid work models. These examples illustrate a lasting shift
towards more sustainable urban planning and the reconsideration of work environments in Toronto.
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