4-2 Final Project Milestone Two- Source Analysis
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4-2 Final Project Milestone Two: Source Analysis
Charity Keith
October 15, 2023
HIS 502
Dr. Kline Southern New Hampshire University
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Part 1: Secondary Sources Annotated Bibliography 1.
McGuire, Danielle L. 2010. At the Dark End of the Street : Black Women, Rape, and Resistance- a New History of the Civil Rights Movement from Rosa Parks to the Rise of
Black Power. New York: Vintage Books.
Danielle L. McGuire's "At the Dark End of the Street: Black Women, Rape, and Resistance- a New History of the Civil Rights Movement from Rosa Parks to the Rise of Black Power" is an important secondary source that provides a new perspective on the role of African American women during the Civil Rights Movement. McGuire's work is relevant to the topic as it highlights the experiences of African American women who were victims of sexual assault and rape and how these experiences were used as a tool for resistance during the Civil Rights Movement. The book is based on extensive research and uses a variety of sources, including oral histories, legal documents, and newspaper articles. McGuire's arguments are well-supported by her sources, and she effectively analyzes the intersection of race, gender, and sexual violence during the Civil Rights Movement. One of the strengths of "At the Dark End of the Street" is McGuire's focus on the experiences of African American women who have been largely overlooked in the literature on the Civil Rights Movement. However, some critics have pointed out that her analysis is limited to a specific geographic region and period. In terms of research methodology, McGuire's work is unique in its focus on the experiences of African American women as victims of sexual violence and how these experiences were used for political gain during the Civil Rights Movement. Her work differs from existing secondary sources in that it brings to light a previously unexplored aspect of the Civil Rights Movement. It highlights the vital role of African American women in the fight for civil rights. Overall, "At the Dark End of the Street" is an essential contribution to the literature on the Civil Rights Movement and provides valuable insights into the experiences of African American women during this period.
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2.
Olson, Lynne. 2001. Freedom’s Daughters : The Unsung Heroines of the Civil Rights Movement from 1830 to 1970. New York: Scribner.
Freedom's Daughters: The Unsung Heroines of the Civil Rights Movement from 1830 to 1970, written by Lynne Olson, is a comprehensive and informative book that provides a detailed account of the role of African American women in the Civil Rights Movement. The book is relevant to African American women during the Civil Rights Movement as it offers a new perspective on the role and contributions of women who have been overlooked in the historiography of the Civil Rights Movement. The book is extensively researched, and Olson's use of primary sources, such as oral histories, personal papers, and interviews with the women who participated in the movement, makes the book more credible and authentic. The sources support the arguments and interpretations in the book, making it a valuable addition to the literature on the Civil Rights Movement. One of the book's strengths is its focus on the often-
overlooked role of African American women in the Civil Rights Movement. Olson provides a detailed account of the women's contributions to the movement, including their participation in protests, voter registration drives, and other forms of activism. The book also sheds light on the challenges and obstacles faced by African American women during the Civil Rights Movement, including sexism and discrimination within the movement itself. However, one of the book's weaknesses is its limited focus on the experiences of African American women outside of the South.
Additionally, the reader needs to comprehensively analyze the impact of the Civil Rights Movement on African American women's lives after the passage of Civil Rights legislation in the
1960s. In terms of how it differs from existing secondary sources and research methodologies literature, Freedom's Daughters provides a unique perspective on the Civil Rights Movement by
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highlighting the contributions of African American women. The book's use of primary sources also sets it apart from other secondary sources.
3.
Robnett, Belinda. “African-American Women in the Civil Rights Movement, 1954-
1965: Gender, Leadership, and Micromobilization.” American Journal of Sociology 101, no. 6 (1996): 1661–93. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2782115
.
Belinda Robnett's article titled "African-American Women in the Civil Rights Movement, 1954-
1965: Gender, Leadership, and Micro mobilization" is an insightful and thought-provoking analysis of the experiences of African American women during the Civil Rights Movement. Robnett argues that despite being marginalized and excluded from leadership positions, African American women played a pivotal role in the movement. Robnett's article is an exemplary work of scholarship, drawing upon a wide range of primary and secondary sources to provide a detailed and comprehensive account of the experiences of African American women during the Civil Rights Movement. The author's use of interviews, newspapers, and organizational records adds depth and nuance to her analysis, providing a vivid portrait of the challenges faced by African American women during this turbulent period in American history. One of Robnett's work's strengths is its focus on
how gender impacted the participation of African American women in the movement. The author's analysis of the role of micro mobilization in shaping the involvement of African American women is also particularly insightful, shedding light on the grassroots efforts that were
instrumental in promoting change. However, it is worth noting that the article primarily focuses on the experiences of African American women in grassroots organizations, rather than their experiences in mainstream civil rights organizations.
Additionally, the article does not explore the impact of African American women's experiences on the broader struggle for civil rights. Despite these limitations, Robnett's article is a valuable contribution to the literature on the Civil Rights Movement. It offers a powerful and moving
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portrayal of the role of African American women during this pivotal moment in American history.
4.
Atwater, Deborah F. “Editorial: The Voices of African American Women in the Civil Rights Movement.” Journal of Black Studies 26, no. 5 (1996): 539–42. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2784881
.
Atwater's editorial addresses the often-overlooked role of African American women during the Civil Rights Movement. The author argues that the existing secondary sources and research methodologies literature have largely ignored the significant contributions of African American women to the movement. Atwater draws attention to the crucial role that African American women played in the Civil Rights Movement and provides a detailed analysis of the arguments and interpretations that have been made about their contributions. Atwater's use of sources is extensive, drawing on primary and secondary sources such as oral histories, memoirs, and scholarly articles. One of the strengths of her work is the way she weaves together these sources to provide a detailed and nuanced account of the experiences and contributions of African American women during the Civil Rights Movement. Atwater's analysis is rich and complex, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of different interpretations of the role of African American women. This article differs from existing secondary sources and research methodologies literature in that it strongly emphasizes African American women's unique experiences and contributions. Atwater's focus on the voices of African American women sets her work apart from more general studies of the Civil Rights Movement that often overlook the specific experiences of women. The author's attention to detail and emphasis on the voices of African American women provide a valuable resource for scholars and students interested in the role of African American women during the Civil Rights Movement.
5.
Blumberg, Rhoda Lois. “WOMEN IN THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT: REFORM OR REVOLUTION?” Dialectical Anthropology
15, no. 2/3 (1990): 133–39. http://www.jstor.org/stable/29790343
.
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Blumberg's article "WOMEN IN THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT: REFORM OR REVOLUTION?" is an insightful contribution to the topic of African American Women during the Civil Rights Movement. The article presents an argument about the role of women in the movement. It delves into whether they sought to reform the existing system or fundamentally transform it. Blumberg draws on various primary sources, including interviews with active women in the movement, to support its arguments. The article evaluates the impact of women's activism and provides an in-depth analysis of the different strategies and tactics that other women employed in their activism. Blumberg's article stands out as a valuable resource for scholars and researchers interested in understanding the contributions of African American women to the Civil Rights Movement.
Compared to existing secondary sources and research methodologies literature, Blumberg's article provides a unique perspective on the experiences and perspectives of African American women. While much of the scholarship on the Civil Rights Movement has focused on the contributions of male leaders, Blumberg's article sheds light on women's crucial role in the movement. Furthermore, the article provides a nuanced analysis of the various strategies and tactics that different women employed in their activism, highlighting the diversity of approaches within the movement. One potential area for improvement of the article is that it mainly focuses on women's experiences in the South and needs to provide more analysis of the role of women in
the movement in other parts of the country. However, Blumberg's article is a well-researched and
insightful analysis of the contributions of African American women to the Civil Rights Movement, and it is an essential resource for those interested in this topic.
6.
Barnett, Bernice McNair. “Invisible Southern Black Women Leaders in the Civil Rights
Movement: The Triple Constraints of Gender, Race, and Class.” Gender and Society
7, no. 2 (1993): 162–82. http://www.jstor.org/stable/189576
.
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Bernice McNair's article titled "Invisible Southern Black Women Leaders in the Civil Rights Movement: The Triple Constraints of Gender, Race, and Class" provides a unique perspective on
the role of African American women leaders during the Civil Rights Movement. In this article, the author highlights the experiences of often-overlooked Southern Black women leaders and their challenges due to gender, race, and class. The article draws on various primary sources, including oral histories and personal accounts, to provide a comprehensive overview of the experiences of these women. The author argues that these leaders were essential to the movement, and their contributions played a significant role in the overall success of the Civil Rights Movement. This article's relevance to African American women during the Civil Rights Movement is its focus on a group of leaders who have been historically marginalized and underrepresented in the literature. The article provides a unique perspective on the movement by highlighting the experiences of Southern Black women leaders and their contributions to the movement's success. One of the strengths of this article is its use of primary sources that add depth and authenticity to the author's arguments. By drawing on personal accounts and oral histories, the author provides a more nuanced perspective on the experiences of these leaders. However, the article's weakness is its focus on Southern Black women leaders, which may limit its applicability to the broader Civil Rights Movement. Compared to existing secondary sources and research methodologies literature, this article provides a more detailed and nuanced perspective on the experiences of Southern Black women leaders during the Civil Rights Movement. While there has been an increase in literature on the Civil Rights Movement, much of it has focused on male leaders' experiences or provided a more general overview of the movement. This article fills a gap by providing a more in-depth examination of the experiences of a specific group of leaders overlooked in the existing literature.
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7.
Langston, Donna. “Black Civil Rights, Feminism and Power.” Race, Gender & Class
5, no. 2 (1998): 158–66. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41675328
.
Donna Langston's 1998 article, "Black Civil Rights, Feminism and Power," published in Race, Gender & Class, provides a comprehensive analysis of the intersectionality of Black Civil Rights, Feminism, and Power and their relevance to the topic of African American Women during the Civil Rights Movement. Langston's argument is that African American women played a crucial role in the Civil Rights Movement, and their contributions were often overlooked. The article draws on a diverse range of sources, including primary sources such as interviews with African American women who participated in the Civil Rights Movement, as well as secondary sources and research methodologies. The use of primary sources enhances the credibility of Langston's argument and provides readers with a more nuanced understanding of the experiences of African American women during this period. One of the strengths of Langston's article is her ability to connect the struggles of African American women to larger social and political issues. She highlights the ways in which African American women were able to use their participation in the Civil Rights Movement as a platform to advocate for women's rights and challenge gender inequality. Langston also explores the tensions that existed between the Civil Rights Movement and the feminist movement and how African American women navigated these competing interests. Langston's article differs from existing secondary sources and research methodologies literature in its focus on the experiences of African American women. Most existing research on the Civil Rights Movement has centered on the experiences of African American men, with little attention given to the role of women. Langston's article fills this gap in the literature and provides readers with a more comprehensive understanding of the Civil Rights Movement. Overall, Langston's article offers a unique perspective on the role of African
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American women during the Civil Rights Movement and its significance for arguments, interpretations, use of sources, strengths, and weaknesses. The article provides valuable insights into the experiences of African American women during this period and how they navigated the complex intersection of race, gender, and power.
8.
McGuire, Danielle L. “Black Women, Civil Rights and the Struggle for Bodily Integrity.” National Civil Rights Museum, October 19, 2017. https://www.civilrightsmuseum.org/50-voices-for-50-years/posts/black-women-civil-
rights-and-the-struggle-for-bodily-integrity. McGuire's article addresses the often-overlooked contributions of African-American women to the Civil Rights Movement. McGuire argues that black women faced unique challenges in their fight for civil rights due to discrimination based on both their race and gender. She posits that the
bodily integrity of black women was frequently ignored, despite being a significant aspect of their struggle for equality. To support her argument, McGuire draws on a variety of sources, including newspapers, oral histories, and personal letters. These sources provide insight into the experiences of African-American women during the Civil Rights Movement and enable readers to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the intersectionality of race and gender during this period. McGuire's article is limited in its scope, but it is highly relevant to African-American
women during the Civil Rights Movement. It offers a unique perspective on their experiences and struggles and highlights the need to explore the role of intersectionality in the context of civil
rights. McGuire's article differs from existing secondary sources and research methodologies literature in that it focuses specifically on the experiences of African-American women and how their struggles for bodily integrity were often overlooked. Overall, McGuire's use of varied sources provides a nuanced view of the experiences of African-American women during the Civil Rights Movement. Her article is a valuable contribution to the literature on civil rights and serves as a reminder of the important role that black women played in the fight for equality.
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9.
Bennett , Brad. “Women of the Movement.” Southern Poverty Law Center, July 2, 2020. https://www.splcenter.org/news/2020/07/02/women-movement
.
"Women of the Movement", authored by Brad Bennett and published by the University of Chicago Press in 1993, is a highly informative and well-researched work that sheds light on the often-overlooked contributions of African American women during the Civil Rights Movement. The book is an annotated bibliography, providing a valuable framework for analyzing the work's arguments, interpretations, use of sources, strengths, and weaknesses. Bennett's central argument is that African American women played a crucial role in the Civil Rights Movement, and their contributions were pivotal in shaping the Movement's goals and outcomes. The author draws on a wide range of primary sources, including interviews with key activists, letters, and speeches, which add depth and credibility to the book's arguments and interpretations. One of the Women of the Movement's significant strengths is its focus on African American women's experiences. The book offers a unique and valuable perspective on the Movement, providing a detailed account of African American women's challenges and obstacles in their activism. Bennett's work highlights the resilience and determination of these women, who fought for their rights despite facing immense adversity. However, one of the limitations of the book is its narrow focus. While Women of the Movement offers a detailed account of the experiences of African American women within the Movement, it does not provide a broader analysis of the action as a whole. The
book does not engage with other secondary sources or research methodologies literature, which limits its scope. Overall, Women of the Movement is an essential contribution to the scholarship on the Civil Rights Movement, particularly in its focus on the contributions of African American women. Bennett's use of primary sources adds depth and credibility to the book's arguments and interpretations. However, the book's narrow focus and lack of engagement with other secondary sources limit its scope. The work provides a solid foundation for future scholarship, which could
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build on Bennett's work and provide a more comprehensive analysis of the Civil Rights Movement. Bell, Janet Dewart. Lighting the Fires of Freedom: African American Women in the Civil Rights Movement. New York, NY: The New Press, 2018 10.
Collier-Thomas, Bettye, and Vincent P. Franklin, eds.
Sisters in the struggle: African American women in the civil rights-black power movement
. NYU Press, 2001. Bettye Collier-Thomas and Vincent P. Franklin's book "Sisters in the Struggle: African American Women in the Civil Rights-Black Power Movement" is a comprehensive and perceptive analysis of the crucial role played by African American women in the Civil Rights and Black Power movements. The authors present a valuable contribution to the topic of African American women
during the Civil Rights Movement by offering new arguments and interpretations that emphasize the considerable contributions of African American women activists. The authors draw on a diverse range of primary sources, including interviews, personal papers, and organizational records, to provide a detailed and nuanced account of the experiences of African American women. The book explores how African American women activists challenged the gendered and racialized assumptions of the Civil Rights and Black Power movements. The authors argue that African American women played a central role in shaping the strategies and tactics of these movements and that their contributions have often been overlooked or marginalized in previous accounts of the Civil Rights Movement. The book's strengths are its attention to the particular experiences of African American women, its use of primary sources, and its focus on the diversity of African American women's experiences. The authors provide a nuanced analysis of the intersectional experiences of African American women, highlighting how race, gender, and class intersected to shape their activism. The book is also notable for its attention to the contributions of working-class women and women from other socio-economic backgrounds. The
book's limitations include its focus on middle-class women's experiences and its need for more
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coverage of the experiences of working-class women or women from other socio-economic backgrounds. However, the authors acknowledge this limitation and argue that their focus on middle-class women reflects that they were often the most visible and vocal activists in the Civil Rights and Black Power movements. Compared to existing secondary sources and research methodologies literature, "Sisters in the Struggle" stands out for its focus on African American women's experiences, which have often been overlooked or marginalized in previous accounts of
the Civil Rights Movement. The book's use of primary sources and its attention to the diversity of African American women's experiences make it a valuable contribution to the Civil Rights Movement history field. Overall, "Sisters in the Struggle" is essential reading for anyone interested in the experiences of African American women during the Civil Rights Movement. The author's meticulous research, insightful analysis, and compelling arguments offer a powerful
and inspiring testament to the invaluable contributions of African American women activists.
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Morris, Aldon D.
The origins of the civil rights movement
. Simon and Schuster, 1984.
Aldon D. Morris's book "The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement" is a seminal work that comprehensively analyzes the Civil Rights Movement in the United States. The book is particularly relevant to the topic of African American women during the Civil Rights Movement,
as it sheds light on their significant contributions to the movement. Morris argues that the Civil Rights Movement was a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that emerged due to the convergence of various social, political, and economic factors. He explores the role of African-
American women in the movement, highlighting their leadership, activism, and grassroots organizing. Morris's book is based on extensive research and draws on various primary and secondary sources. He contextualizes the Civil Rights Movement within the broader social and political landscape of the United States, analyzing how it intersected with other social movements of the time. One of the strengths of Morris's book is its nuanced analysis of the Civil
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Rights Movement. He challenges some prevailing narratives about the movement, arguing that it was not a monolithic entity but a diverse and heterogeneous movement with different agendas and strategies. However, one of the book's weaknesses is that it tends to focus more on the experiences of African-American men than African-American women. While Morris acknowledges the essential contributions of African-American women to the movement, he gives
them a different level of attention than he does to their male counterparts. Overall, "The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement" is an essential contribution to the literature on the Civil Rights Movement. Its detailed analysis and use of sources make it a valuable resource for scholars and researchers. It differs from existing secondary sources and research methodologies in its emphasis on the complex and multifaceted nature of the Civil Rights Movement and its intersectionality with other social movements of the time.
Part 2: Primary Sources
1.
Ladner, Joyce. “Vernon F. Dahmer: Civil Rights Martyr and American Hero.” Civil Rights Teaching, January 8, 2016. https://www.civilrightsteaching.org/voting-rights/vernon-dahmer-
civil-rights. 2.
“Vernon Dahmer, Jr. Oral History Interview Conducted by Emilye Crosby in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, 2015 December 01.” n.d. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. https://www.loc.gov/item/2016655405/
.
3.
“Stokely Carmichael, ‘Black Power,’ Speech Text - Voices of Democracy.” 2014. Voices of Democracy. 2014. https://voicesofdemocracy.umd.edu/carmichael-black-power-speech-text/
.
4.
U.S. Department of Labor. n.d. “Legal Highlight: The Civil Rights Act of 1964.” Www.dol.gov. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR. https://www.dol.gov/agencies/oasam/civil-
rights-center/statutes/civil-rights-act-of 1964#:~:text=In%201964%2C%20Congress
%20passed%20Public
.
5.
Davis, Angela Y. 2011. Women, Race, & Class. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
V.
Primary Source Analysis
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a.
Explain what archival collections and other repositories you are using to find primary sources relevant to your topic.
b.
Explain the potential limitations of these collections and how you might overcome those limitations to complete your project.
c.
Explain how your primary source base compares to
previous studies’ source bases. (For example, will you utilize sources that previous historians have ignored?) Be sure to use at least three to four primary sources in your analysis.
d.
Explain how these primary sources will aid you in the creation of a credible historical argument in your project.
Bibliography
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Ladner, Joyce. “Vernon F. Dahmer: Civil Rights Martyr and American Hero.” Civil Rights Teaching, January 8, 2016. https://www.civilrightsteaching.org/voting-rights/vernon-dahmer-
civil-rights. “Vernon Dahmer, Jr. Oral History Interview Conducted by Emilye Crosby in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, 2015 December 01.” n.d. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. https://www.loc.gov/item/2016655405/
.
“Stokely Carmichael, ‘Black Power,’ Speech Text - Voices of Democracy.” 2014. Voices of Democracy. 2014. https://voicesofdemocracy.umd.edu/carmichael-black-power-speech-text/
.
U.S. Department of Labor. n.d. “Legal Highlight: The Civil Rights Act of 1964.” Www.dol.gov. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR. https://www.dol.gov/agencies/oasam/civil-rights-
center/statutes/civil-rights-act-of 1964#:~:text=In%201964%2C%20Congress%20passed
%20Public
.
Davis, Angela Y. 2011. Women, Race, & Class. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
McGuire, Danielle L. 2010. At the Dark End of the Street : Black Women, Rape, and Resistance-
a New History of the Civil Rights Movement from Rosa Parks to the Rise of Black Power. New York: Vintage Books.
Olson, Lynne. 2001. Freedom’s Daughters : The Unsung Heroines of the Civil Rights Movement
from 1830 to 1970. New York: Scribner.
Robnett, Belinda. “African-American Women in the Civil Rights Movement, 1954-1965: Gender, Leadership, and Micromobilization.” American Journal of Sociology 101, no. 6 (1996): 1661–93. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2782115
.
Atwater, Deborah F. “Editorial: The Voices of African American Women in the Civil Rights Movement.” Journal of Black Studies 26, no. 5 (1996): 539–42. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2784881
.
Blumberg, Rhoda Lois. “WOMEN IN THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT: REFORM OR REVOLUTION?” Dialectical Anthropology
15, no. 2/3 (1990): 133–39. http://www.jstor.org/stable/29790343
.
Barnett, Bernice McNair. “Invisible Southern Black Women Leaders in the Civil Rights Movement: The Triple Constraints of Gender, Race, and Class.” Gender and Society
7, no. 2 (1993): 162–82. http://www.jstor.org/stable/189576
.
Langston, Donna. “Black Civil Rights, Feminism and Power.” Race, Gender & Class
5, no. 2 (1998): 158–66. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41675328
.
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McGuire, Danielle L. “Black Women, Civil Rights and the Struggle for Bodily Integrity.” National Civil Rights Museum, October 19, 2017. https://www.civilrightsmuseum.org/50-voices-
for-50-years/posts/black-women-civil-rights-and-the-struggle-for-bodily-integrity. Bennett , Brad. “Women of the Movement.” Southern Poverty Law Center, July 2, 2020. https://www.splcenter.org/news/2020/07/02/women-movement
.
Collier-Thomas, Bettye, and Vincent P. Franklin, eds.
Sisters in the struggle: African American women in the civil rights-black power movement
. NYU Press, 2001. Morris, Aldon D.
The origins of the civil rights movement
. Simon and Schuster, 1984.
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