CJ 205 Module Five Practice Activity Template Jaya

CJ 205 Module Five Practice Activity Template History of Policing in America To complete this template, replace the bracketed text with the relevant information. Describe major policing events or evolutions in American policing during each era. Write three or more sentences in each cell where a response is required. American Policing: The Colonial Experience American Policing: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries American Policing: Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries The North: The Watch The watch began in the 1636 in Boston, then was founded in 1658 in New York City, and made its way to Philadelphia in 1700. Modeled after the newly formed British police system, the goal was for locals to stop crime, fires, and maintain order in their area. As the wars in our country raged on, many “service dodgers” volunteered to “police” in order to not serve. This was the beginning of a long history of police departments in America. The Urban Experience Due to the rising riots and crime in the 1830s and 1840s, the need for an organized, dedicated police force arrived. The fist municipal police force was formed in Boston in 1838, followed by NYC, Albany, Chicago, and by 1880s, all major US cities had a dedicated police force in place. The modern police departments that we see today were modeled after London, who was also establishing a dedicated police force around the same time. Policing from 1900 to 1960 One of the darker eras of policing, this era is mired with corruption. From working directly for crime lords, to police chiefs colluding on prostitution rings with the mayor, this era of policing is not a bright spot in their history. Some good, however, that came of it was the Wickersham Act of 1929, which was the first instance of the Federal Government investigating corruption, and the establishment of the FBI, which was founded in 1908. The South: Slave Patrols and Codes In the south, policing was much more different than policing up north. One of their main purposes was to capture and punish runaway slaves and they called themselves “Slave Patrols”. The largest believed “Slave Patrol” was in Charleston South Carolina in 1837, it was believed to have over 100 people. This helped form what we now know as police departments. The Southern Experience The south chose a much different path. They pushed segregation through the use of slave patrols and Jim Crow laws. Prior to the Civil War, slave patrols were the primary policing method in the south, and after the war, many vigilantes formed up to force segregation and not allow freed slaves access to their newly found rights as American citizens. Policing in the 1960s and 1970s In an effort to protect themselves from the public outcry of brutality and corruption, the police began to unionize in the 60s and 70s. The initial intent was to limit bureaucracy and include the officers in decisions about policy that affected their everyday life. The unionization of police departments was crucial in the advancement of policing in America. The way the police were treating people, especially our African American citizens, led to the Civil Rights movement of the 60s and 70s. Many of the riots

American Policing: The Colonial Experience American Policing: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries American Policing: Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries were a direct result of police action against African Americans, along with Vietnam War protestors and rioters. This is often viewed as the worst era of policing, which led to many acts and bills being pushed by the government to repair police/community relations. No response required The Frontier Experience Policing in the “Wild Wild West” was no different than living out there. Many of the settlements began adopting the policing traditions of their previous region of the country. This is due to the lack of formal law enforcement agencies. If the settlers were coming from the south, the settlements would start calling their officers “sheriffs”, if the colonies were from the north, they called their officers “marshals”. One commonality of note was that many of the colonies, no matter the region of origin, was that there was almost always some type of vigilante system in place. Policing in the 1980s and 1990s Policing in the 80s was still under massive fire from the damage they caused in the 60s, paired with the rapidly increasing crime rate. Crime was nearly quadrupling in all the major categories (petty, violent, and serious). This resulted in major studies by universities and led to some of the largest police reforms our nation has ever seen. Some of the notable changes were: hiring more police, random patrols, foot patrols, rapid responses to calls, and routine criminal investigations. No response required No response required Policing in the 2000s Many of the actions taken in the 80s and 90s paid dividends in the 2000s. By 2008, the serious crime had declined nearly 38%, while still up 30% from 1960, it was a major step in the right direction from its peak in 1991. Even today, many advancements are being made in policing, with Colorado ended qualified immunity in 2020.