The_Bangsamoro_Question_and_National_Dem

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The Bangsamoro Question and National Democratic Option by Prof. Jun Valila and The State of Moro Armed Conflict in the Philippines Unresolved National by Question or Question of Governance by Rizal Buendia A Critical Essay by Jam A. Ritual BSTMOUMN 1-C MIDTERM PAPER 1. Describe how the American colonialists together with the succeeding regimes dispossessed the Moros of their ancestral domains? In Philippine history, the Moro Wars were a series of scattered conflicts on Mindanao, Philippines, between American troops and Muslim bands. The Moro fought for religious rather than political reasons, and their activities had little to do with the Philippine revolutionaries who led the Philippine-American War. After the relative peace of Mindanao, the American aggressors began the systematic dispossession of the Moro people from their lands. Melencio (1994) and McKeana (1998) list the various actions taken by Americans to root out the Muslims from their ancestral area, among those were, The Land Registration Act (Act No. 496) required the registration of all lands occupied by any person, group, or corporation. Most Moros lost their communal lands in this way. Public Land Act No. 718 was enacted by the Philippine Commission in April 1903. This decreed null and void all land grants made by Moro sultans and datus. Public Act No. 926, enacted in October 1903, decreed that all lands not registered under Act No. 496 were public lands, and therefore available for homesteading, sale, or lease to individuals or corporations. The Mining Law of 1905 declared all public lands as free, open for exploration, occupation, and purchase even by Americans. The Cadastral Act of 1907 facilitated the acquisition of
new landholdings. Acts 2254 and 2280 of 1913 created agricultural colonies and encouraged Filipino migrants from the north to settle in the so-called public lands in Mindanao and Sulu. Act 2254 awarded the Filipino settler a sixteen-hectare lot while Moros were allowed to own only eight hectares. The Public Land Act 2874 in 1919 allowed a Filipino to own a twenty-four-hectare lot, while a Moro was allowed only ten hectares. Legislative Act 4197, enacted in February 1935, was also known as the Quirino-Recto Colonization Act. The government declared settlement as the only lasting solution to the Mindanao and Sulu problem. The Commonwealth Act 141 in November 1936 declared all Moro ancestral landholdings as public lands. A Moro was allowed only four hectares, while a Filipino could own up to twenty-four; a corporation, wholly non- Moro, was allowed 1024 hectares. When the United States took control of the Philippines after the Spanish- American War ended in 1898, it embarked on a strategy aimed at assimilation of the Moro into the Philippine nation and the abolition of some feudal customs such as slave trading. The attempt to alter the Moro's traditional ways resulted in intransigence and rebellion. Not only did the US colonial government deny the legitimacy of the traditional communal system of landownership, land use, and distribution, but it also introduced and institutionalized the Torrens system of private land ownership, which included land classification, registration, and titling to private entities. The United States had its eye on the plantations of Mindanao, the second-largest and best agricultural setting of the seven thousand Philippine islands. “Economic development was not a motivating factor for taking Mindanao,”. Because of their Islamic faith, the Moro have remained outside the mainstream of Philippine life and have been the object of popular prejudice and national neglect. Moro conflict with ruling powers has a centuries-long history, they resisted Roman Catholic Spanish colonialists, who tried to extirpate their “heresy”, in the first decade of the 20th century, they battled against U.S. occupation troops in a futile hope of establishing a separate sovereignty; and, finally, they spawned insurgencies against the independent Philippine government the Moros continued striving for autonomy and independence throughout the twentieth century.
2. Trace the historical basis of the rebellious culture of the Moros leading to the formulation of the Bangsamoro concept or the Moro homeland and nation In the late 1960s, the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) was formed by Nur Misuari and armed rebellion again broke out in Mindanao. The causes of this rebellion are many, but have much to do with desires to re-acquire the status of a separate, independent state, or Bangsa Moro, wherein Muslim Filipinos would have greater access to and control over social services so that they could actually benefit from economic development in Mindanao. They also wanted to be able to protect their ancestral lands from being taken over by Christian Filipino or other multi-national corporations and settlers, and establish an Islamic way of life. The Moro Rebellion was an armed conflict between the Moro people and the United States military during the Philippine American War. For nearly 400 years, the Moros have fought against Spanish, American, and Japanese colonial rule. The Moro Rebellion, took place after the Philippine-American War ended, and it involved sporadic conflicts between Muslim Filipinos living in the Philippines' southern regions and American forces deployed there to oversee the transfer from Spanish to American authority. Even after the Moro Rebellion ended, the Moros continued to fight against American rule, right up until the Japanese occupation of the Philippines during World War II, when the Moros waged an insurgency against the Japanese on Mindanao and Sulu until Japan surrendered. 3. Can peace be attained in Mindanao and Sulu? Attaining peace between Mindanao and sulu has extreme indignation. This is not just an issue you can resolve just by having talks between them but, it needs a very attentive solution. Fighting for peace can lead to a bloody battle and the loss of loved ones.
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As a student who wants to possess peace in our country, not just in our country but in the whole world, it is never too late. We can achieve it if all people will help each other Fighting and wars will never be the answer to achieving peace. Peace can be achieved in any way, there is a lot of solution. Battles will make just make it worse and a lot of people will be hurt. 4. Put forth possible proposals on how to resolve the conflict in the south? As a student who still doesn't have much knowledge, it is not easy to give a possible solution to the conflict in the south. But here are some possible solutions to resolve the conflict in the south. First are the Mindanao peace talks, the government's stalemate with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) insurgent forces, the ongoing global War on Terror, and the government's desire for peace in the southern Philippines to boost the country's economy have created an environment conducive to resolving the Muslim secessionist rebellion in the south. A change in leadership in the MILF has also provided an opportunity to re-energize the peace process and seek new approaches. The most difficult question in the peace process is not whether the parties can reach a deal, but if that agreement can truly deliver long-term peace and development to the region. The conflict's lengthy history and numerous attempts to end it has generated profound differences among Muslims and the general Filipino population, which views all peace deals with distrust or cautious hope at best. Second is implementing ceasefire, a brief halt to a war in which all sides agree to refrain from offensive operations. Ceasefires can be proclaimed as a humanitarian gesture, preliminary (i.e., before a political agreement), or definitive (i.e., with the goal of ending the conflict). Ceasefires can be announced as part of a formal treaty or as part of an informal agreement between opposing troops. The subsequent temporary ceasefire affords a more concrete opening for both sides to demonstrate their willingness and
ability to deliver tangible progress. But measures to reduce violence must be tied to wider efforts to build peace. The war, or any bloody battle is not the only way to resolve the problem, it can be resolve by any solution, war is never the answer. References: Moro Wars | Philippine history | Britannica The Bangsamoro Question and the National Democratic Option-Valila.pdf state-moroarmedconflict-AJPS-Buendia.pdf