Chapter 6 Reveiw Questions

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1. In what ways did the English expansion into North America in the 1600s contrast with New France? The English expansion focused on claiming territory, at the expense of destroying trust and allies with Aboriginal people. The French were less interested in the territory and focused on the fur trade and relations with the Indigenous. 2. In what ways did the English expansion in North America in the 1600s challenge the French presence in North America? How did France respond? The English expansion in North America grew faster than the French. By 1760 the English were 20 times larger than the French. The English were slowly, yet ruthlessly claiming more and more land for their exclusive use. The French responded by aligning themselves with Aboriginal communities such as the Wabanaki Confederacy. 3. To what extent were colonial conflicts a product of imperial rivalries, as opposed to local issues? Intercolonial fights were not just about big countries wanting power. They were also caused by issues like small settlements competing for resources, private individuals seeking profit, conflicts with Indigenous people over land and resources, and the economic interests of the colonies themselves. So, it wasn’t just about power-hungry empires; local problems played a big part too. 4. To what extent were inter-colonial conflicts bound up in Aboriginal agendas? Inter-colonial conflicts in North America were closely intertwined with Aboriginal agendas. Indigenous peoples formed alliances, defended their territories, and influenced the outcomes of battles. Disputes over land and resources were central to these conflicts, which had significant consequences for Indigenous communities. 5. Detail New France’s liabilities and assets in confronting the English and British colonies from 1689 to 1760. Liabilities: New France had fewer people and resources compared to British colonies. Its location made it vulnerable to attacks from the surrounding British colonies. Sometimes it didn’t get enough help from France. Assets: New France had allies among Indigenous peoples who helped in fights.
They had strong forts and defenses. They used clever tactics in battles. Sometimes they got help from France’s navy. New France faced challenges because it had fewer people and resources, but it also had some strengths like alliances and good defenses. What was the nature of French-Aboriginal relations beyond the fur trade? French saw Indigenous nations as allies and relied on them for survival and fur trade wealth. Indigenous people traded for European goods, established military alliances and hostilities, intermarried, sometimes converted to Christianity, and participated in politically in the governance of New France. 6. What were the implications for Acadia of the Mi’kmaq Wars? The implications for Arcadia of the Mi’kmaq wars (aka French Indian war) were displacement of settlers, disrupted diplomatic relations with British authorities and neighboring Indigenous groups, increased British colonial presence and control in the region, and left lasting cultural impacts on Acadian society. 7. After initial French successes in the Seven Years’ War, why was Britain able to gain the upper hand in 1757? They gained the upper hand in 1757 during the Seven Years’ War due to effective military strategy, naval superiority, greater economic resources, alliances with other European powers, and support from its colonies, particularly in North America. 8. Why did New France fall? New France fell from a combination of things: 1. Military Defeats: New France suffered military defeats causing the loss of key forts and territories to British forces. The capture of Quebec City in 1759 by British General James Wolfe was a blow to French defenses. 2. Naval Blockade: British Royal Navy imposed a naval blockade, which restricted French access to supplies and reinforcements, weakening their position and ability to defend their territory effectively. 3. Lack of Reinforcements: France was unable to provide sufficient reinforcements and resources to bolster New France’s defenses because competing military priorities in Europe. 4. Alliance Failures: New France’s alliances with Indigenous nations and other European powers did not provide adequate support to offset British military superiority.
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