CH18

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Palomar College *

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108

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History

Date

May 9, 2024

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txt

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13

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. In the nineteenth century, European interest in expanding overseas markets was driven by a desire to a. jump-start Europe’s industrialization. b. sell surplus manufactured goods. c. attract immigrant labor. d. spread capitalism and democracy. 2. Which of the following highlights the relationship between imperialism and nationalism? a. Views of Asians and Africans as "child races" b. Views of Asia as the source of "civilization" c. Colonies as symbols of "Great Power" status d. Categorization of non-Europeans as "unfit" races 3. In the nineteenth century, Europeans and Americans viewed imperialism as a(n) a. "civilizing mission." b. "yellow peril." c. "detribalization." d. "African Reformation." 4. Which of the following reflects a new element in European views of non-Europeans in the nineteenth century? a. The idea that non-Europeans could assimilate into European society by westernizing b. The belief that the racial inferiority of non-Europeans could be scientifically proven c. The portrayal of less technologically developed people as "noble savages" d. The view of Europeans as Christians and non-Europeans as "heathen" 5. How did Charles Darwin's ideas on evolution influence Western imperialism? a. They were used to criticize the use of force in colonial encounters. b. They were used to argue for the assimilation of colonial populations. c. They were used by colonized peoples to resist Western imperialism. d. They were used to justify the displacement or destruction of "weak" races. 6. Which phrase was popularized by the concept of social Darwinism? a. “Weaker must survive” b. “Survival of the fittest”
c. “Imperialism first and always” d. “Science above self” 7. Which of the following constituted the first wave of European colonial conquests? a. The transatlantic slave trade b. The conquest of Asian territories c. The scramble for Africa d. The sixteenth- and seventeenth-century takeover of the Americas 8. Which country played a much more minor role in the second wave of European conquests in the long nineteenth century than it had played in the first wave during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries? a. Italy b. Britain c. Spain d. Germany 9. How were the colonial takeovers of India and Indonesia during the long nineteenth century similar? a. Both were conquered by Britain. b. Both were conquered by the Dutch. c. In both, colonial conquest grew out of earlier interaction with European trading firms. d. In both, colonial conquest was abrupt, deliberate, violent, and completed within twenty-five years. 10. According to Map 18.1, which European power held the most territory in Asia in the early twentieth century? a. France b. Great Britain c. The United States d. Japan 11. Which event pitted several European powers against each other?
a. The transatlantic slave trade b. The Africanization of Christianity c. The unification of African identity d. The scramble for Africa 12. Which of the following characterized the so-called scramble for Africa that led to the partition of nearly all of Africa among European colonial powers? a. The lack of bloodshed and absence of force in the European takeover of most of Africa b. The ease with which all decentralized societies succumbed to European colonial rule c. The decimation of the existing population because of the diseases carried by Europeans d. The peaceful negotiations among the competing European states over "who got what" 13. According to Map 18.2, which European power held the most territory in Africa during the early twentieth century? a. Germany b. Portugal c. France d. Belgium 14. Which of the following describes the effect of nineteenth-century imperialism on the societies of Pacific Oceania? a. Subsistence farming as the basis of the Oceanic economy to counteract the negative effects of Western imperialism b. Competitive annexations as Britain, France, the Netherlands, Germany, the United States, and Australia claimed control of all the islands of Oceania c. Export agriculture in cacao as the global demand for this product found only in Pacific Oceania reached unprecedented levels d. Universal employment in European-owned businesses abroad as the domestic sector of the economy completely disappeared 15. The colonization of New Zealand and Australia during the nineteenth century was most like the colonization of a. the Philippine Islands in the sixteenth century. b. North America in the seventeenth century. c. India in the eighteenth century. d. China in the nineteenth century.
16. In what respect were Ethiopia's and Siam's (Thailand) encounters with European imperialism in the long nineteenth century similar? a. Both avoided the colonization to which their neighbors succumbed. b. Both negotiated agreements to guarantee their independence. c. Both became settler colonies of the Latin American countries. d. Both became politically independent neo-European societies. 17. Which of the following represents the imperialist actions of a country outside Europe? a. Mexico's northward expansion into Canada b. Japan's takeover of Taiwan and Korea c. Australia's expansion into New Zealand d. U.S. participation in the partitioning of Africa 18. European colonial rule in the nineteenth century generally depended on and reinforced the power of which segment of colonized societies? a. The most nationalistic b. The most radical c. The most progressive d. The most conservative 19. Which of the following characterizes the responses of societies facing the threat of European colonial rule in the nineteenth century? a. Accommodation by those who saw colonial rule as advantageous and resistance by those who viewed colonial rule as oppressive b. Surrender to European military conquest by local rulers and widespread acquiescence to colonial policies by the population c. Revolutions fueled by anti-imperialist sentiment, inspired by nationalist and communist ideologies, and led by the peasantry d. Westernization, as seen in the universal conversion to Christianity and the indiscriminate adoption of all aspects of European culture 20. Which of the following is an example of resistance to colonial rule in the nineteenth century? a. System of apartheid b. Scientific racism c. The Indian Rebellion d. The Taiping Rebellion 21. What played a more important role in distinguishing rulers from their colonial subjects in the imperialism of the nineteenth century than in earlier instances of imperialism?
a. Race b. Gender c. Slavery d. Political ideals 22. Which of the following expresses the relationship between the number of European settlers in colonies in Africa, Asia, and Oceania and the extent of racial segregation and discrimination in the imperialism of the nineteenth century? a. Colonies with a large European settler population experienced the least racial discrimination and no racial segregation. b. Colonies with a large European settler population experienced more racial discrimination and racial segregation. c. Colonies with a small European settler population experienced more racial discrimination but no racial segregation. d. Colonies with a small European settler population experienced no racism and were models of racial harmony. 23. Which of the following was a distinctive feature of European colonial rule in the nineteenth century? a. The counting and classification of colonial populations b. The appreciation and celebration of ethnic diversity c. The assimilation of colonial subjects into European society d. The treatment of westernized colonial subjects as equals 24. Which of the following describes the model for social development preferred by Europeans for their colonies? a. Democratic urban societies with an active civil society and nationalist ideology b. Modern industrial societies headed by a westernized, nationalist elite c. Christian societies that embodied the ideals of social equality and justice d. Traditional rural societies with their established authorities and social hierarchies 25. Which of the following reflects a contradiction in Western imperialism in the nineteenth century? a. The role of scientific racism in the classification of colonial populations b. The masculinization of colonial rulers and the feminization of colonial subjects c. The identification of certain segments of colonial society as "martial races" d. Europeans' reluctance to encourage modernization in their colonies
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