SITHKOP012 Research Report Template_V1.1
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Date
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Research Report Template
Complete the table for dietary and nutritional guidelines for the following groups. You will need to conduct research on the internet as well as various publications. You will also need a copy of the Australian Dietary Guidelines that can be found at: https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/about-us/publications/australian-
dietary-guidelines
Other useful websites include: https://www.nrv.gov.au/nutrients-energy-calc
, https://www.eatforhealth.gov.au/webform/daily-nutrient-requirements-calculator
, https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/sporting-performance-and-food
, file:///home/workpc/Downloads/eat-for-educator-guide.pdf
Vitamins and minerals Fibre Carbohydrates
Fats Protein Water General Comments
Adolescents
Calcium, Iron, Vitamin D, Folate
Fruits, Vegetables,
Whole Grains
Complex Carbohydrates
Healthy Fats
Lean Proteins
8-10 cups per day
Adequate nutrition for growth and development.
Athletes
Individualized based on sport
Varied
Varied
Varied
Varied
Hydration is crucial
Consult with a sports nutritionist for guidance.
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Vitamins and minerals Fibre Carbohydrates
Fats Protein Water General Comments
Children
A balanced diet with all nutrients
Variety
Whole Grains
Lean Proteins
Dairy Products
Age-
appropriat
e amounts
Support growth and development.
Defence force personnel
Balanced diet for energy and health
Balanced diet
Complex Carbohydrates
Healthy Fats
Lean Proteins
Hydration is crucial
Maintain health and energy levels.
Elderly people
Calcium, Vitamin B12
Fruits, Vegetables,
Whole Grains
Complex Carbohydrates
Healthy Fats
Adequate Protein
Stay hydrated
Support bone health and
muscle maintenance.
People in health care
Individualized based on condition
Varied
Varied
Varied
Varied
Individuali
zed
Tailored to medical needs and restrictions.
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Vitamins and minerals Fibre Carbohydrates
Fats Protein Water General Comments
Ill or injured people
Individualized based on condition
Varied
Varied
Varied
Varied
Individuali
zed
Critical for recovery and
healing.
People with nutritional and energy requirement
s due to physical condition
Individualized based on condition
Varied
Varied
Varied
Varied
Individuali
zed
Tailored to specific health conditions.
Focus on non-
perishable, nutrient-
dense foods
Dried Fruits, Energy Bars
Portable, Easy-to-
store
Focus on shelf-stable foods
Focus on canned goods
Safe water sources
Prepare for limited
access to fresh foods.
Focus on non-
perishable, nutrient-
dense foods
Plan for long-term food storage
Focus on nutrient-rich options
Focus on long-lasting
foods
Focus on shelf-stable options
Consider dried foods
Access to safe water
Adapt to limited access to fresh Plan for long-term food storage
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Vitamins and minerals Fibre Carbohydrates
Fats Protein Water General Comments
foods.
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Nutritional characteristics of the five food groups
Complete the table for the nutrients for the main five food groups. The link file:///home/workpc/Downloads/eat-for-educator-guide.pdf
is a good source of information.
Food group
Grain (cereal) foods, mostly wholegrain and/or high cereal fibre varieties
Vegetables and legumes/beans
Fruit
Milk, yoghurt, cheese and/or alternatives, mostly reduced fat
Lean meat and poultry, fish, eggs, tofu, nuts and seeds, legumes/beans
Main nutrients
Grain includes a range of minerals and
vitamins, including folate, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, iron, vitamin E, zinc, magnesium, and phosphate, in addition to carbohydrates/starch (energy), protein, and
fibre.
Vegetables, such as beans and legumes, are low in kilojoules and abundant in nutrients. Additionally, they include dietary fibre, various phytochemicals, such
as carotenoids, and vitamins and minerals, such as magnesium, folate, and vitamin C.
Fruits include a variety of vital nutrients, yet many people don't consume
enough of them. Examples include potassium, fibre, vitamin C, and folate.
Calcium, protein, iodine, zinc, riboflavin, vitamin B12, riboflavin, vitamin A, vitamin D,
and
Iodine, iron, zinc, and
vitamin B12.
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Other significant nutrients
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
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Culinary characteristics and ingredients of special, lifestyle, medical and religious diets
Complete the following table by providing a brief description of each diet or regime, the health or other implications of failing to address the special dietary requirement, and at least one suitable adjustment, replacement or substitute ingredient.
Special lifestyle diets
Description
Health/other implications of failing to address special requirements
Adjustment/
replacement/ substitute ingredient
Lacto ovo
A diet centered on animal-derived milk and eggs, excluding meat. Potential nutrient gaps may arise, addressed by incorporating plant-based
foods for balanced nutrition.
a diet consisting solely of animal-
derived milk and eggs
only eggs and milk.
Vegetarian
An eating pattern based on fruits and vegetables, omitting meat. Watch for nutrient deficiencies, and diversify with plant-based proteins and fortified foods.
An eating routine where just vegetables and organic products are consumed yet no meat.
Just vegetables.
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Special lifestyle diets
Description
Health/other implications of failing to address special requirements
Adjustment/
replacement/ substitute ingredient
Vegan
A plant-only diet excluding all animal products. Risk of inadequate protein and B12, mitigated by plant protein sources and B12 supplements.
a diet that includes only fruits and vegetables but no meat
veggies and fruits
Pescatarian
Combines vegetarianism with seafood. Generally balanced, but attention to varied seafood is essential for omega-3s and protein.
Fine.
Adding seafood to a vegetarian diet of fruits, vegetables, beans, complete grains, eggs, dairy products, nuts, and seeds is known as a pescatarian diet.
Low or no fat
A diet with minimal fat (<0.5g per dish). Potential issues include nutrient
absorption and calorie intake; use healthy fats moderately.
a diet where each dish
has fewer than 0.5 grams of fat.
Butter with olive oil.
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Special lifestyle diets
Description
Health/other implications of failing to address special requirements
Adjustment/
replacement/ substitute ingredient
High or low carbohydrate
Adjusting carb intake. Imbalanced carb intake may affect weight and nutrients; personalize to health goals and maintain balance.
a higher amount of carbs in your diet.
more carbs.
High or low protein
Altered protein consumption. Low protein affects muscles and immunity, while excess strains kidneys; are tailored to individual needs and include lean protein sources.
consuming a diet higher in proteins
extra meat
Fad diets
Paleo
In the current paleo diet, fruits, vegetables, seafood, lean meats, eggs, nuts, and seeds
are all included.
Fine if a business closes.
Fruits. Vegetables. Nuts and seeds. Eggs.
Raw
Think about uncooked, mostly organic foods. The raw fruits and vegetables, cereals, health problems.
Some people consume
raw eggs, meat, fish, SITHKOP012 - Develop recipes for special dietary requirements
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Special lifestyle diets
Description
Health/other implications of failing to address special requirements
Adjustment/
replacement/ substitute ingredient
nuts, and seeds should be your go-to foods.
and unpasteurized dairy products. Your meal can be cold or even slightly heated as long as the temperature doesn't go beyond 118 degrees.
Ketogenic
The goal of the ketogenic diet is to put the body into a state of ketosis when it burns fat for energy instead of carbohydrates. It is a high-fat, low-carb diet. It's well-liked for controlling specific medical issues and losing weight.
Health problems
The biggest reductions should be made to the carbs that are easier to digest, such as sugar, soda, pastries, and white bread.
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Special lifestyle diets
Description
Health/other implications of failing to address special requirements
Adjustment/
replacement/ substitute ingredient
Macrobiotic
Macrobiotic diet is a holistic, primarily plant-based eating philosophy focused on balance and harmony. It emphasizes whole grains, vegetables, and the avoidance of processed foods, aiming for physical and spiritual well-being.
strict problems.
For milk, use soy or rice-enriched milk.
Flexitarian
Flexitarianism, sometimes known as flexitarism, is a semi-vegan diet in which people abstain from meat at least once a week. A semi-vegetarian diet, commonly referred to as a flexitarian diet, emphasizes plant foods and minimizes meat consumption.
issues relating to one's
health
Dairy and eggs
Special medical diets
Type one and two diabetes
diabetic (both types 1 and 2), low sugar, and sugar-free.
A state in which the body cannot make or utilize insulin.
decreased carbs
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Special lifestyle diets
Description
Health/other implications of failing to address special requirements
Adjustment/
replacement/ substitute ingredient
Gluten free
a diet that excludes food products that are contaminated with gluten
sensitivity to gluten
Coconut flour Almond flour Dark rice
Dairy free
Dairy products include milk and any parts of milk that originate from cows or other mammals. Therefore, a product cannot be dairy-free if it contains milk or substances derived from milk.
Problems with one's health
veggies and fruits
Meat
&
poultry.
Fish
&
fish.
Eggs.
Seeds and nuts.
FODMAPs
Short-chain sugars, also known as fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs), are not absorbed well by the small intestine. Intestinal issues are experienced by Problems with one's health
Fructose may be
found
in
natural
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Special lifestyle diets
Description
Health/other implications of failing to address special requirements
Adjustment/
replacement/ substitute ingredient
certain individuals who ingest it.
products, honey, high-
fructose corn syrup,
and agave.
Lactose: Milk-based.
Onions, garlic, and
wheat are fructans.
Legume
plants
classified as galactans
include beans, lentils,
and soybeans.
Polyols are fruits with
pits or seeds, such as
avocados, apples, figs,
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Special lifestyle diets
Description
Health/other implications of failing to address special requirements
Adjustment/
replacement/ substitute ingredient
peaches, or plums;
they also include
sugar alcohols.
Modified texture
A diet featuring carefully chosen, appropriate-texture foods, often used when solid foods pose difficulties. Suitable for those unable to consume solids.
a diet that utilizes carefully selected, suitable-consistency items.
No solids
Low or no salt
Dietary adjustment to meet potassium and sodium needs. Reduce salt intake to support heart health by using less salt in cooking and choosing low-sodium options.
Changing one's diet to
satisfy potassium and sodium requirements
Fewer salts
Food allergens
Peanuts
The main reason these legumes—also called goober, pindar, groundnuts,
or monkey nuts—are farmed is for their tasty seeds. In tropical and Fines and health issues
No peanut and no nut oil.
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Special lifestyle diets
Description
Health/other implications of failing to address special requirements
Adjustment/
replacement/ substitute ingredient
rainforest settings, it is readily accessible and indispensable to executives
of large corporations as well as small businesses. It is categorized as both an oil crop and a grain legume because of its high oil content.
Tree nuts
Tree nuts include almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews, hazelnuts, pecans, pistachios, and walnuts. Even though some tree nuts, such as cashew and
pistachio, as well as pecan and walnut, are closely related, a person's sensitivity to one type of nut does not usually indicate that they are allergic to others.
Penalties and health issues
No nuts!
Eggs
An oval or spherical item that is typically filled with a developing incipient organism that is laid by a female bird, reptile, fish, or invertebrate.
Egg allergy, fine
No egg and its associated components.
Cow’s milk
A well-evolved creature's mammary organs produce milk, a clear liquid meal.
Lactose allergy, fine
0 lactose.
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Special lifestyle diets
Description
Health/other implications of failing to address special requirements
Adjustment/
replacement/ substitute ingredient
Fish
a cold-blooded, legless vertebrate with fins and gills that lives only in water.
Fish allergy
not fish or fish-related
items
Crustacea
any of a large group of arthropods having an exoskeleton made of calcium chitin, which includes barnacles, woodlice, shrimp, crabs, lobsters, and water insects.
Allergy
No crustaceans in the meal
Sesame seeds
a tall annual herbaceous plant that is grown in Old World tropical and subtropical regions for its oil-rich seeds.
Fine
without seeded sesame.
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Special lifestyle diets
Description
Health/other implications of failing to address special requirements
Adjustment/
replacement/ substitute ingredient
Soy or soy beans
Soy beans are referred to by the phrases "soy sauce" and "soy bean sauce" interchangeably.
allergy to soy
No soy-based foods.
Cereals containing
gluten and their products namely wheat, rye, barley, oats, spelts and their hybridised strains
This category includes wheat, rye, barley, oats (unless certified gluten-
free), spelled, and their hybridized strains. Gluten is a protein found in these grains.
Gluten sensitivity
foods devoid of gluten.
Lupin
Any leguminous plant belonging to the genus Lupinus that is native to North America, Europe, or Africa that has flattened pods and huge spikes of colorful blooms.
Fine and imprisonment
Zero Lupins
Sulphites
Sulphite minerals are naturally occurring and have been used in food for a very long time. They are commonly used as food additives to stop microbiological deterioration and maintain colour even though they Steroid-dependent
asthmatics, those with
Wine, dried fruit, sausages, cordials, and dried fruit to SITHKOP012 - Develop recipes for special dietary requirements
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Special lifestyle diets
Description
Health/other implications of failing to address special requirements
Adjustment/
replacement/ substitute ingredient
naturally exist in some foods.
obvious
hyperresponsiveness
to medications, and
children with chronic
asthma seem to be
more at risk, albeit the
degree
of
these
reactions
varies.In
along with cyclical
and
immediate
symptoms, sulphites
may also have a role
in the development of
chronic skin and
respiratory conditions.
name a few, typically contain sulphites in their meals.
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Special lifestyle diets
Description
Health/other implications of failing to address special requirements
Adjustment/
replacement/ substitute ingredient
Special religious diets
Halal
a dish cooked by Islamic culinary guidelines.
a dish cooked by Islamic culinary guidelines.
Seafood, nuts, eggs, tofu, halal deli meals
Hindu
Hinduism is a major religion with diverse beliefs and practices. The Hindu diet is vegetarian for many adherents due to the principle of ahimsa (non-violence), with some variations allowing certain animal products. It includes a wide range of fruits, vegetables, grains, and dairy,
while some followers observe specific fasting rituals.
a diet that is mostly composed of vegetables and contains little to no animal items.
Those who are lacto-
vegetarians (avoid meat and eggs) can nevertheless consume fish, chicken, or lamb.
Kosher
Jewish culture is deeply ingrained with kosher dietary regulations. Food labeled as kosher complies with strict regulations found in religious literature. Among other dietary limitations, it covers guidelines for animal slaughter, avoiding specific food pairings, and avoiding pork and a cuisine that adheres to traditional Jewish law and customs
Meat (fleishig): animals or birds, as well as anything made
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Special lifestyle diets
Description
Health/other implications of failing to address special requirements
Adjustment/
replacement/ substitute ingredient
shellfish.
and bones. Milk, cheese, butter, and yogurt are all dairy products. Anything you eat that is neither meat nor dairy, such as seafood, eggs, eggs, and based on plant items, is considered pareve.
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Drug-food interactions, food allergies, food intolerances and religious dietary sanctions
Complete the following table by providing a brief definition of each of the following terms and providing two examples of each.
Term
Definition
Examples
Drug-food interaction
A drug-food interaction happens when a drug's absorption, metabolism, or utilization in the body is affected by the ingestion of specific foods or drinks. This might change the medication's efficacy or have unfavorable consequences.
stimulants and alcohol.
Citrous fruit and statins.
Food allergy
An immune system's reactivity to certain proteins in food that causes allergic responses is known as a food allergy. The symptoms can be moderate to severe and include edema, anaphylaxis, hives, and digestive problems.
milk sensitivity Peanut sensitivity
Food intolerance
When a food is difficult for the body to digest, it's called food intolerance. This is frequently caused by sensitivities or deficiencies in particular enzymes. It is not an immunological reaction, unlike a food allergy, although it can cause gastrointestinal distress.
Gluten sensitivity Intolerance to lactose
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Religious dietary sanctions
Dietary guidelines and limits imposed by religious convictions and traditions are known as religious dietary sanctions. They dictate what adherents can or cannot eat and often serve as a means of expressing faith, spiritual purity, or reverence.
Halal meals eating just plants
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Key health and legal consequences of failing to address special requirements
Complete the following table by providing at least one health and one legal consequence of the following scenarios.
Scenario type
Scenario
Possible consequences
Allergic reaction
A customer orders coffee and cake in a bistro during a busy weekend lunch service.
At the time of ordering, they clearly state that they have an allergy to eggs and egg products and check that the cake they are ordering is egg-free as advertised on the menu. The waiter assures the customer that it is. When the waiter takes the order through to the kitchen, they are careful to communicate to the kitchen staff that the customer has an egg allergy and they write the allergy carefully on the docket. However, when the cake is served, a sauce containing egg protein is added to the plate and it is served to the customer. The customer suffers an allergic reaction requiring hospitalisation.
Health consequences
Allergic responses
Legal consequences
fines and detention
Anaphylaxis
A resident in an aged care facility has a known allergy to tree nuts causing anaphylaxis. The allergy is clearly recorded in the resident’s medical records, in meal plans and as required by all the legislation. However, there is a change to an ingredient in one of the sauces used in a standard recipe which is not picked up when stock is delivered. The resident unfortunately consumes a tiny amount of the sauce, suffers an anaphylactic reaction and passes away as a result.
Health consequences
swelling on the body and face
Legal consequences
fines and detention
Food sensitivity
A customer asks the waiter at a restaurant if the prawn risotto has the food preservative ‘potassium sulphite’, as they have food sensitivity to it. It makes them Health consequences
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Scenario type
Scenario
Possible consequences
get a tingly mouth and itchy skin. The waiter asks the kitchen and they say it doesn’t
contain the preservative. The waiter informs the customer and they order the prawn risotto. After eating the risotto the customer starts to become itchy and has a tingly mouth. They inform the waiter. The waiter informs the kitchen and the chef checks all the ingredients to find out that green prawns are sprinkled in potassium sulphite before they are frozen. This is displayed on the packaging label.
fines and detention
Legal consequences
fines and detention
Food intolerance
A person with a food intolerance to lactose is eating at a new restaurant. They forget to advise the staff about their dietary issue and, when the meal is brought to the table, they notice that it has been topped with cheese. The addition of cheese wasn’t described on the menu. They then advise the staff they have a lactose intolerance and ask them to return the dish to the kitchen and prepare a new one. When the dish comes back to the table, the waiter assumes that it is safe for them to eat. The next day, they suffer dietary symptoms similar to having eaten lactose and the only thing that they can put it down to is the meal that they had in the new restaurant. When they contact the restaurant, they discover that the cheese was removed from the top of the dish and the same dish was re-served. The restaurant advises the customer that there may have been some cheese throughout the dish as well. Health consequences
digestion issues
Legal consequences
fines and detention
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Basic principles and practices of nutrition Complete the following table for the seven nutrient groups and provide at least two examples of their food sources.
Definition Examples
Vitamins
The body requires trace amounts of vitamins, which are vital chemical components, to sustain certain physiological
processes. They are essential for immunity system maintenance, metabolism, and general health.
Along with the B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folate/folic acid), they also include choline and the vitamins A, C, D, E, and K.
Minerals
Minerals are inorganic nutrients that the body needs for several processes, such as nerve signaling, fluid balance, and bone health. Among the common minerals are calcium, magnesium, iron, and potassium.
The following vitamins and minerals are necessary for optimal health: iron, zinc, iodine, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, chromium, copper, fluoride, molybdenum, manganese, and selenium.
Fibre
One kind of complex carbohydrate that is included in plant-based diets such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables is fibre. Although it cannot be digested by humans, it is essential for maintaining digestive health since it encourages regular bowel motions and may have anti-cholesterol effects.
Botanical fibres such as cotton's seed hairs, flax and hemp's stem (or bast) fibres, and sisal's leaf fibres can all be used to make fibres.
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Definition Examples
Carbohydrates
A living thing comprised of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms is known as a carbohydrate in the field of organic chemistry. In carbohydrate molecules, the hydrogen-
oxygen atom ratio is commonly 2:1.
The most common and abundant forms are sugars, fibres, and starches.
Fats
One kind of nutrition that comes from your food is fat. While eating a certain amount of fat is beneficial, overindulging might be dangerous.
fats that are trans, saturated, polyunsaturated, and monounsaturated.
Protein
The building block of the body, protein is present in almost
all organs, tissues, and bodily components, including bone,
muscle, skin, and hair. It contributes to the synthesis of hemoglobin, the protein that delivers oxygenation throughout the blood, and enzymes, which drive many chemical processes.
fowl with white flesh and no skin.
Water
Water is an inorganic material as it contains the chemical formula H2O. It is a transparent, flavourless, odourless, and nearly white chemical substance.
lean beef, such as the eye of round, sirloin, and tenderloin advertisements. low-fat or skim milk. low-fat or skim yogurt.
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SITHKOP012 - Develop recipes for special dietary requirements
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Role of professionals Briefly explain the role of the following professional that may be involved in recipe planning for customers and provide an example of when you would need to ask their advice.
Definition Role examples
Allied health professionals
Dentistry, nursing, medicine, and pharmacy are allied health professions that are distinct from optometry. About healthcare, they offer a variety of diagnostic, technical, therapeutic, and administrative services.
therapeutic artists. therapeutic actors. music therapy. Podiatrists. Dietitians.
Dietitians
A dietitian, medical dietitian, or dietician is qualified to identify and treat malnutrition brought on by diseases in addition to delivering medical nutrition therapy, such as planning an enteral tube feeding regimen or reducing the signs of cancer cachexia.
Dietitians.
Medical specialists
Medical professionals diagnose illnesses and treat them with drugs, dietary modifications, or lifestyle adjustments.
Obstetricians/gynecologists. Cardiologists. Endocrinologists. Gastroenterologists.
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Definition Role examples
Nutritionists
An expert in food, nutrition, and its effects on health is referred to as a nutritionist.
Certain individuals decide to focus on particular areas, including, for example, animal nutrition, public health, or sports nutrition.
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