Dyslipidemia
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Herzing University *
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NU621-8A
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Health Science
Date
Feb 20, 2024
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docx
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Uploaded by DeanFangQuetzal37
Dyslipidemia
Dyslipidemia is a laboratory finding associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in which triglycerides and LDL cholesterol levels are elevated and HDL cholesterol levels are low (Grossman & Porth, 2014).
Pathophysiology
Several factors can contribute to dyslipidemia including nutrition, genetics, medications, comorbidities, and metabolic disease (Grossman & Porth, 2014).
Fat is metabolized by the liver into glycerol and fatty acids (Grossman & Porth, 2014).
Insulin is a hormone with multiple functions which prevents the breakdown of fat (Grossman & Porth, 2014).
In metabolic syndrome there is an impairment of the ability of tissues to use insulin (Grossman & Porth, 2014).
In metabolic syndrome and states of insulin resistance, lipolysis of adipose tissue is enhanced resulting in an influx of free fatty acids resulting in an elevation of triglyceride levels (Miccoli, Bianchi, Penno, & Prato, 2008).
Insulin resistance decreases nonoxidative storage of carbohydrates as glycogen and diverts carbohydrates to the liver for hepatic de novo lipogenesis in which triglycerides are synthesized and released into plasma resulting in elevated levels (Jornayvaz, Samuel, & Shulman, 2010).
Additionally, altered metabolism results in increased hepatic secretion of triglycerides and delayed clearance of VLDL and LDL cholesterol (Miccoli et al, 2008).
These processes also result in a more rapid clearance of HDL from blood plasma and a reduction in the precursors for formation of HDL resulting in lower levels of HDL (Miccoli et al., 2008).
Chronic elevations of free fatty acids in dyslipidemia can result in toxicity to beta cells of
the pancreas resulting in diabetes and further perpetuating insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome (Grossman & Porth, 2014).
References
Grossman, S. & Porth, C. (2014). Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of altered health states
(9
th
ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Jornayvaz, F., Samuel, V., & Shulman, G. (2010). The role of muscle insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of atherogenic dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with the
metabolic syndrome. Annual Review of Nutrition, 30
, 273-290. doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.012809.104726
Miccoli, R., Bianchi, C., Penno, G., & Prato, F. (2008). Insulin resistance and lipid disorders. Future Lipidology, 3
(6), 651-664.
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