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Keiser University, Jacksonville *

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2086C

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Health Science

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Jul 2, 2024

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docx

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2

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1. What does it mean that Nikoleta is in the 10th percentile for both length and weight? Is that a desirable statistic if she was in the 50th percentile at birth?  (4 points) Nikoleta was born at the 50% percentile. However, with her bones and muscles not obtaining enough nutrients and oxygen, she dropped significantly in both length and weight, now falling in the 10 th percentile. So, this is definitely not a desirable statistic. 2. What are the symptoms of anemia?  (4 points) malaise lethargy pale skin swollen belly Why did the parents change Nikoleta’s formula to a high-iron baby formula?  (2 points) Nikoleta’s parents changed her formula as she was experiencing gastrointestinal distress What components should be in a normal blood sample? What is the function of each of these components? (Refer to page one of the lesson.)  (5 points) White blood cells – fight infections and helps with immunity Red blood cells – transport oxygen to different parts of the body Platelets – help with the blood clots Plasma – helps with delivering useful nutrients, electrolytes, and hormones to the cells. Also helps with transporting waste products to the kidneys for excretion. Are the lab results of the blood sample normal? Which values are normal and which are not? (Refer to the chart of Nikoleta’s results.)  (4 points) The normal range of hemoglobin for females is 12-15 g/dL. Nikoleta’s hemoglobin levels is way below this range, 5 g/dL However, her red blood cell count of 4.6 x 10 to power of 6 cells/mL is within the normal range for females, which is 4.0-4.9 to power of 6 cells/mL On the other hand, the mean corpuscular volume or diameter of her red blood cells is 65, way below the normal range for women (80-100). This results in an increased number of abnormal RBCs in the body, which is why her body needs to produce more white blood cells than usual to remove these cells. Nikoleta’s WBC count of 15,000 cells/mL is above the normal range of 4500-10,000 cells/mL. Finally, her platelet count is normal, falling within the 100,000-450,000 range. Why was an analysis of Mr. and Mrs. Stamos’s blood ordered?  (4 points) The doctors wanted to conduct a blood test to check if Nikoleta’s condition had anything to do with genetics.
Would a picture of Mr. Stamos’s red blood cells look like Nikoleta’s red blood cells? Why?  (2 points) If the condition/disorder was genetic, Mr. Stamos’s red blood cells will have some type of deformity, and be very similar to those of Nikoleta. But as Nikoleta’s case is extremely severe, Mr Stamos’s red blood cells most likely aren’t going to look like Nikoleta’s red blood cells. 3. What is erythroblastic anemia?  (4 points) Amnesia characterized by the presence of large number of nucleated red blood cells 4. What are the general features of Cooley’s anemia?  (5 points) Cooley’s amnesia is the most severe form of beta thalassemia where there is a complete lack of beta protein in the hemoglobin. This lack of beta protein, coupled with the decreased diameter of the red blood cells, results in a low supply of oxygen and essential nutrients to the body, and thus result in lack of energy, lethargy, and dizziness. Additionally, the spleen expands beyond its normal conditions, as it has to work harder to get rid of the increased number of abnormal RBCs in the body. The bone marrow also deflates all over the skull and the rest of the body parts, as it overproduces defective red blood cells. 5. What is the structure of hemoglobin and how is oxygen bound to it?  (2 points) The molecule of hemoglobin is arranged as a ring, with 4 protein chains. Off of these 4 protein chains, two of them are found in the alpha group, and the other two are found in the beta group. Each of these chains carry an oxygen atom, which they transport to the rest of the body through the RBCs. In the case of Nikoleta, her beta proteins don’t function as intended. As a result, her body cells receive a low oxygen supply. Mr. and Mrs. Stamos want to know if it is likely that they would have another child born with erythroblastic anemia. If you were the genetic counselor, what would you suggest to Mr. and Mrs. Stamos concerning having more children? Why?  (4 points) Both Mr. and Mrs. Stamos carry one recessive allele for erythroblastic anemia. As a result, there is a 25% chance that their next child will be like Nikoleta and have the disease. However, this proportion is still low and under 50%. So, if I was a genetic counselor, I will let them know about the risks beforehand, but tell them to not stress about it too much. They can have more children.
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