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California State University, East Bay *
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Course
001
Subject
Geology
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
Pages
4
Uploaded by ColonelComputerMule9
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ANALYZING
DATA
Topography
Mass
deficiencies
are
observed
under
mountains
because
the
crustal
roots
that
underpin
them
have
low
densities
relative
to
the
surrounding
mantle.
Thus
there
is
a
buoyant
force
that
keeps
the
visible
portion
of a
mountain
above
the
Earth
surface
in
isostatic
equilibrium,
isostasy
,
with
the
area
beneath
the
surface
-
the
root.
The
buoyant
force
is
upward
and
equal
in
magnitude
to
the
weight
of
the
displaced
mantle.
Topography
is
therefore
attributable
to
the
variable
densities
of
the
materials
that
comprise
Earth.
These
measurements
of
crustal
thickness
were
obtained
using
the
seismic
waves
from
distant
earthquakes
that
pass
up
through
the
crust
and
are
recorded
on
seismometers.
These
seismometers
are
usually
located
in
towns
that
are
in
valleys
between
the
tall
mountains
.
Elevation
Crustal
Thickness
4km
68
km
3.8
km
65
km
1.8
km
50
km
0.3
km
40km
Source:
Beck,
S.L.
et.
al.
Crustal
thickness
variations
in
the
central
Andes
(1996)
Geolog11
24(2''
407-410.
.
1
'
1•
Elevation
Crustal
Thickness
4.9
km
86
km
3.6km
72
km
2.5km
58
km
0.2
km
38
km
Source:
Gilligan,
A.
~t
al.
The
Crustal
Structure
of
the
Western
Himalayas
and
Tibet
(2015))
Journal
of
Geophysical
Research,
Solid
Earth,
24
April
·
Flin
S .
.
.
Copyright©
2022
Flinn
Scientific,
Inc
.
All
Rights
Reserved
n
c1ent1fic
and
its affiliates
are
not
res
onsible
f
.
.
.
P
or
any
modrficat1ons
made
by
end
users
to
the
content posted
in
its original format.
I}
YI
I
CLASS
___
_
DATE
___
_
NAME
____________
_
j
Rdcky
Mountains
.
:i
'
'·
crustal
Thickness
Elevation
40km
2km
I
2.8km
45km
0.5km
25
km
1.5
km
30km
Source:
Schmandt,
B.
et.
al.
Distinct
crustal
isostasy
trends
east
and
west
of
the
Rocky
Mountain
Front
(2015).
Geophys.
Res.
Lett.,
42,
10290-10298.
1.
SEP Identify Patterns
What
general
relationship
between
elevation
and
crustal
thickness
do
you
observe?
~J~~~V'I
\V\C~
\-¥\'l.-
Of'vt~l
\.ht.cti
V'U
cl~-ts
Q.$$~\l.
L
2.
SEP Analyze Data
The
continental
crust
that
forms
mountains
and
their
roots
sits
on
top
of
the
mantle.
Which
of
the
two
materials
has
the
higher
density?
Explain.
Th-e.
w-
eJ..
(),.__
C\.
V\')
hr
,
"-i..\;
1
\
-t
c
<A.,~
't
+Yl't
c
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r--Vl,.
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u.-\-
{.
\Q
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ho~
flt
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lN
"'
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\ti
t
'{t'
q
~s
{A
~r
c)l'f\
-s
\
\-.y
.
Copyright©
2022
Flinn
Scientific,
Inc.
All
Rights
Reserved
.
Flinn
Scientific
and
its
affiliates
are
not
responsible
for
any
modifications
made
by
end
users
to
the
content
posted
in
its
original
format.
\
NA
ME
DATE
----
CLASS
3.
SEP Enga
.
---
hi
h
ge
•n
Argument
Would
g mountain
to
be
stron
you
expect
the
gravitational
force
near
a
very
ger
or
weaker
than
predicted.
Explain.
:I"~
w~u.l
el
be
W...t\.
"-t,
....
1
,t--
..\-
¼
.,
J'I-\
VL
c-..
rJ.,.
q
s
")
~t
\.v,-1
fcf
I
\-
J_
\d
V''
I,.
n{,
h
-\.-
C.
I
I
°'
r-.d-.
-5
ni» ,,
\j\Q,vi
a
f'
V)
t-
dd,
WV) •
4
·
SEP Use
Math
Suppose that a
mountain
rises
2.0
km
above
the
surrounding
land
and
that it
is
isostatically
supported
by
a
deep
crustal
root
that
extends
into
the mantle. If
the
continental crust
that
forms
the
mountains
and
its
root
has
a
density of
2800
kg/m
3
and
the
mantle
replaced
by
the
root
has
a
density
of
3300
kg/m
3
,
find
the
depth
of
the
root
below
the
normal
depth
of
the
crust.
Note
that
the area of
the
mountain
and
its
root
do
not
affect
the
answer
,
but
that
you
will
need
to
use
the
difference
in
densities
to
find
the
depth
of
the
root.
"2'500
·
1
Oo
o
s.
SEP
Construct
an
Explanation
What
do
you
think
accounts
for
deviations
from
the general relationship
the
data
indicate
about
elevation
versus
crustal
thickness? Explain.
~y
c
~~I
J
c0-
\Aeci
y
CAbt1of'vY'a
I
,'-l-~,
SiJ.Ch
,/l
fi:
tAl
I
b
~~
) ~
vs
>
w~
i-\.e,
~ )
t'
·
C1._~
"{\(i\V'
0\
J&
vJ
\;\
l\t
lr,
vi
0-
\)\J [
t
0.
V\
v
e_5[1.-lf
~v\{J
Vl
-
.
S •
tifi
Inc
All
Rights
Reserved
.
Copyright
©
2022
Fltnn
cien
c,
·
t t
posted
in
its
original
format.
.
d.fi
tions
made
by
end
users
to
the
con
en
Flinn
Scientific
and
its affiliates
are
not
responsible for
any
mo
I
ca
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N
AME
DATE
----
CLASS
---
6.
SEP
Construct
an
Ex
.
denser
su
•
planatlon
What
does
th
·
to
erode
a~:rting
matter
indicate
about
their
/if:
idea
that
mountains
"float'
on
to
their
own?
y
:~n
.
they
would
if
they
simply
sat
:ans~
Should
they
take
longer
l
'.
.
P
am.
n
su
aces
with
densities
equal
\\.--
t
h
t
I
VI
()
Jc
D\
t-t
~
-1-\Q.
\
~-t
s
e
V\
\~
(
~'V"
l9
Y)
(}Q,V'
)U
sv-
Q~t
+'
'i
Y"'-"
~w
rJ.iot
t"
~\
s-1-N~ef
ow>.
fl\
Of'l
~v-r~IJI{,
1
\--
11.ld
¥:A
VL-t
(
11.
~v--
"'
1)mf'-,li-.
(}Mt
VI
(}.
\J\
d'-
~-ro
Je
"
F
lin
n S
cie
n
tifi
c a
.
Cop
yri
ght
©
20
.
nd
tt
s
affil
i
ates
are
not
r
espons
i
ble
f
22
Flinn
Scie
n
tific,
In
c.
Al
l
Rig
h
ts
Re
or
any
mod
i
ficati
served
.
ons
mad
e by
end
use
rs
to
the
content
posted
in
its
o . .
.
ng,nal
formal