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@ Chrome File Edit View History Bookmarks Profiles Tab Window Help ® % £ T Q B & TueNov2s 530PM ©O0 M x @SN x| % (O0H X | wm Cotar X | om Cortar X | m Cottar X | um Cartar X | vm Catar X | @ (455) X | @ mascar x| Mrker x | + c n N [E L R e Tl I T =T Y EN AL R eTo 0= g T (el Ter=1 [€2Yo) (o Xe W RV o) VT N N SR A o P [ E X T=Y Lo VA d [ teXe VA IV AV TN & a & o . Im """'.-i- unch 1 :‘m U rgariisitis PRE-LAB EXERCISES 1. Invertebrate macrofossils are useful for biostratigraphic correlation and determin- ing the ages of sedimentary rocks. In the Geologic Range Table below, indicate the geologic range of each invertebrate group by placing an x in the boxes corre- sponding to the geologic periods in which it lived. When you have completed the chart, you will be able to see which fossil groups coexisted in time, which fossil groups never coexisted, and times at which major extinction events occurred. GEOLOGIC RANGETABLE rFossiI Group Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic S|D|M | J R |N Porifera Rugose corals Tabulate corals Scleractinian corals Bryozoans Brachiopods Bivalves Gastropods Ammonoids Nautiloids Belemnoids Trilobites Eurypterids Barnacles nsect: ‘Isecs Invertebrate Macrofossils and Classification of Organisms Text

T pamela . X % @)SNE X | (B)CHE X | wm Caartt x| wm Cavart X | sm Camartt X | wm Cortartt X | wm Camvart X | @ (4s5)r X | @ nscari x| @ wanew x|+ v 2 Cc n ttps://archive.org/details/Pamelal.W.GoreHistoricalGeologyLabManualWiley2014/page/n273/mode/lup?view=theate l “ 'Fossil Group Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic b | HoNlESHRDA/ AV S| e[S S S R RN QJI Ostracodes x @ Crinoids X Blastoids x Echinoids X Asteroids x ‘Graptolltes o X Key: €= Cambrian, O = Ordovician, S = Silurian, D = Devonian, M = Mississippian, [P = Pennsylvanian, P = Permian, T =Triassic, J = Jurassic, K = Cretaceous, P = Paleogene, N = Neogene, Q = Quaternary. Use the completed Geologic Range table to answer the following questions. 2. Which fossil groups were present during the Paleozoic? All except the asteroids 3. Which fossil groups were present during the Mesozoic? ostacods,crinoids,echonoids,and asteriod 4. Which fossil groups were present during the Cenozoic? ostacods,crinoids and echinoids 5. Major faunal extinctions occurred several times in the geologic past. The boundar- ies between eras were drawn where mass extinction events occurred. The earlier of these two extinctions occurred at the end of the P¢™™'a" Period (not era), __252 million years ago. List five fossil groups that became extinct at this time: trilobites, chrodata, gonatite blastoids and graptolite 6. The second of these two mass extinctions was most dramatic among the vertebrates (dinosaurs and marine reptiles), but it also affected microfossils and invertebrate macrofossils. This other major extinction occurred at the end of the oreataceous Period (not era), 65 million years ago. The following invertebrate macrofossil fossil group(s) became extinct at this time: belemnoids 7. 1f you found a rock that contained both scleractinian corals and ammonoids, to whichigeplggicipesiads {nahesasamighd ik helans Betting possibly gong back to devonian carboniferous, or permian periods depending on the specific charecteristics of the Tossils

1 Pames mumum.nm.nm.nm.nm.nowuum_n_ Invertebrate Macrofossils and Classification of Organisms b. In which does the plane of symmetry cut through the center of the valves? brachipods pods c. In which are the valves of two different sizes? d. In which does the plane of symmetry pass between the valves? ___ " e. In which are the valves the same size, but mirror images of one another? bivaives 3. Compare a solitary rugose coral with a colonial rugose coral. Carefully sketch each, showing as many details as you can. —_— ol olitary rugose coral Colonial rugose coral 4. How do colonial rugose corals differ from tabulate corals? fugose aro found i ardovician to pormian sodemont . tabulato is calonial and has wall developed tabulao 5. How do colonial rugose corals differ from scleractinian corals? colonial i oroviian to permian with wol dovelopod sopta, sceractinian wol doveloped sopta and radil symet 6. How do corals differ from bryozoans, considering that both of them commonly consist of colonies of many individuals? corals aro marine animals thatform colonies of polyps part of eidaria. bryozans are colorian but bolong o bryoza 7. a. How are gastropods similar to ammonoids? both aro mollusks bolonging to cophalopoda both have coilled shalls b. How do gastropods and ammonoids differ? (List at least two ways.) sholl shape and oxtinct and extant, gastro aro collod and have asymmatri sholl whilo ammonids aro coilod with intrican! chambars c. How do ammonoids and nautiloids differ? uturo linos ammonaids moro complex and highky folded suturo linos n shalls whilo nautiolds aro simplor 8. a. How are blastoids similar to crinoids? both ar marine ochinoderms moaning they bolong to echinodormata b. How do blastoids and crinoids differ? body structures blastoids have feather like o calyx oih fvefold symmetry and serios of brachioles rincids wn of long flexible arms used for suspension feeding 265 ‘O @ (Relounch to updat

1 Pames mumum.nm.nm.nm.nm.nowuum_n_ Cc n ttps 7/mode/1up?view: 266 Invertebrate Macrofossils and Classification of Organisms 9. Identify the two fossils in the photo below. (Scale in centimeters.) a. Fossil on the left belomite shell ORI ShT GT HAUTIuS, onTToa by b. Fossil on the right smooth, circular saddie Pamela Gore OPTIONAL ACTIVITY Visit a seafood market to obtain and/or examine fresh squid, octopus, bivalves of various types, crabs, crayfish, shrimp and other organisms covered in this laboratory, if available. Suggested activities include the following: Compare the arms and tentacles of the squid; find its ink sac and internal pen. How does the octopus compare with the squid? Look at the various types of bivalve molluscs (clams, mussels, oysters, etc.), see how their two valves are attached together, and examine the muscle scars on the inside of the shells. Examine the shells and legs and of the crustaceans (crabs, lobsters, crayfish, etc.). Summarize and illustrate your findings. ‘O @ (Relounch to updat