earthquakes volcanoes final review
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University of Kentucky *
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Course
150
Subject
Geology
Date
Jan 9, 2024
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10
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Earthquakes and Volcanoes Practice review
Lesson 15
1.
Globally, how often do the volcanoes of our planet show signs of activity?
a.
Several times each week
2.
Mount Wildcat has not erupted in historic times, however it sits directly above a mantle
plume where magma is generated within Earth's crust. How would we categorize this
volcano?
a.
Dormant
3.
For us to use the term "volcano", what conditions/features must be currently present?
Check all that apply.
a.
evidence of past eruptions
4.
You are thinking of buying a house. The house is twenty miles from a volcano. The house
is next to a river that flows down from the volcano. You real estate agent tells you the
volcano last erupted 100 years ago, so you don’t have anything to worry about. Having
had EES 150: Earthquakes & Volcanoes, you know this volcano is _________________.
a.
active
5.
What environmental consequences can be caused by volcanic activity? Check all that
apply.
a.
climate warming
b.
climate cooling
c.
acid rain
d.
extinction of organisms
6.
Venus is much hotter than Earth because
....
a.
all of the CO
2
the volcanoes produce stays in the atmosphere
7.
The volcanoes are shown as red triangles in the image below. What is your best
interpretation of the tectonic setting of these volcanoes?
a.
convergent plate boundary between two oceanic plates
8.
Based on information available from the image, what is your best interpretation of the
tectonic setting of these volcanoes, shown as red triangles?
a.
mantle plume
9.
Mars currently has little to no volcanic activity, although it did in the past. Which
statement best explains this?
a.
Mars is smaller than the Earth so has less radioactivity
10.
Imagine that Earth had never had any volcanic activity. What would Earth be like, if this
were the case? Check all scenarios that apply.
a.
Earth would not have (or much) water
b.
Earth would be colder
c.
Earth would not have life
Lesson 16
1.
In which of these tectonic settings do we find most of Earth's volcanic actvity?
a.
mid-ocean ridge
2.
Which of the following causes a magma to have increased viscosity?
a.
increased silica content and increased amount of mineral crystals already formed
only
3.
As a rock melts, different minerals will melt at different temperatures, rather than all at
once. This process is called...
a.
partial melting
4.
At a mid-ocean ridge, what is the trigger that causes rocks to start to partially melt to
form magma?
a.
decreased pressure in the mantle, lowering the melting point of the minerals
5.
Which one of the three tectonic setting shown below is the least likely to have active
volcanoes?
a.
C
6.
If a rock partially melts, which minerals will have melted?
a.
those with a low melting point
7.
Which statement best describes how magma forms at mid-ocean ridges?
a.
The spreading plates cause decreased pressure on the mantle, allowing it to
partially melt.
8.
Which of the following are tectonic settings where we generally do not expect volcanic
activity? Check all that apply.
a.
transform plate boundaries
b.
continent-continent convergent plate boundaries
9.
This volcano is erupting to produce _________.
a.
mostly pyroclastic material
10.
Which of these are examples of plutonic igneous rocks? Check all the apply.
a.
A
b.
B
c.
D
Lesson 17
1.
Examine the photograph below and select the best scenario for how the rock layer shown
formed.
a.
This rock cooled from a basaltic lava flow
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2.
A high silica content in lava will
directly cause
...
a.
a higher viscosity
3.
Basaltic lava usually forms due to partial melting of the...
a.
Mantle
4.
Which of these is mostly associated with basaltic magma and eruption?
a.
pahoehoe, lava tubes, columnar jointing
5.
Lava A is very fluid and erupts easily, forming pahoehoe. Lava B is a little less fluid. It flows
out of the volcanic vent and forms a’a deposits. Lava C flows out of the volcano as it sends
volcanic bombs flying through the air. Lava D does not flow at all, but instead erupts in a
cloud of pyroclastic debris. Which lava is most likely to have a high silica content?
a.
D
6.
Three lavas have the same composition. Lava A is very hot and has little gas dissolved in it.
Lava B is also very hot but has a lot of gas dissolved in it. Lava C is colder and also has a lot
of gas dissolved in it. Which one is probably going to produce the most pyroclastic material?
a.
C
7.
Examine the pictures of volcanic rocks below. Which picture shows a rocks that formed
or is forming from a lava that has a high gas content?
a.
C
8.
Examine the picture of volcanic rocks below. Which picture shows a volcanic rock that is
the result of an underwater eruption? Same picture as above.
a.
D
9.
This type of lava flow is most likely to result from an eruption of what composition?
a.
Basaltic
10.
At subduction zones, what is the trigger that causes rocks to start to melt to form magma?
a.
subduction of water, descreasing the melting point of the minerals in the rock
Lesson 18
1.
A large volcano with gently sloping sides composed mostly of successive lava flows is a/an...
a.
Shield volcano
2.
Which of these generally represents the highest volume of lava generated during a single
eruption?
a.
flood basalt
3.
What style of eruption most likely caused this volcano to form?
a.
Strombolian
4.
Flood basalts are associated with what geologic setting?
a.
mantle plumes
5.
The type of volcanic activity that has the lowest viscosity
and
the highest volume is the
__________________.
a.
flood basalt
6.
A strombolian eruption is most likely to form a/an ____________.
a.
scoria cone
7.
Of all the volcanic eruption styles, which one involves the largest volume of lava?
a.
flood basalt
8.
An eruption with a small volume and low viscosity, but a high volatile content would have
a very high VEI.
a.
False
9.
Which of these eruptions would have the highest VEI?
a.
high volatiles, high viscosity, high volume
10.
A strombolian eruption that results in the formation of a scoria cone can form from either
basaltic or andesitic lava.
a.
True
Lesson 19
1.
Order these volcanic eruption styles from lowest VEI (first) to highest VEI (last).
a.
(1) Icelandic
b.
(2) Strombolian
c.
(3
) Vulcanian
d.
(4) Plinian
2.
The diagram below explains why there are volcanoes in ________________.
a.
The Andes
3.
The type of volcano that would form in this situation shown in the diagram above
is a/an ______________.
a.
stratovolcano
4.
Which of these eruption styles is most likely to involve magma with the most gas
and water content?
a.
Vulcanian
5.
At which of these geologic settings are we most likely to find stratovolcanoes?
a.
A
6.
What are the characteristics of eruptions that form lava domes?
a.
high viscosity, low volatiles, small volume
7.
Which eruption is most likely to cause major problems for air travel?
a.
Plinian eruption
8.
Which of these eruptions would produce the least amount of tephra?
a.
Icelandic
9.
A volcano erupts and sends a huge ash cloud all over the southern hemisphere,
causing air traffic to be shut down between continents. As a volcanologist, you
collect a sample and take it back to your lab for analysis What would be your best
hypothesis for its composition?
a.
Rhyolitic
10.
The islands in this Google Earth image are volcanic in origin and all of the active
volcanoes are shown with volcano symbols. These volcanoes are likely to be
__________ and have _____________ eruptions.
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a.
shield volcanoes, Hawaiian-style
Lesson 20
1.
The landform that results from the following sequence of events is a/an ________________.
a.
Caldera
2.
Mantle plumes generate magma by...
a.
all of the previous
3.
Basalt flows associated with a mantle plume beneath a continental plate are associated
with which phase of the evolution of a mantle plume?
a.
early on, when it has just appeared and is very hot and is affecting a wide area of
the overlying crust
4.
A 50 million year old mantle plume sits beneath a continental plate. The heat dissipating
from the plume causes the overlying continental plate to partially melt. What will be the
likely result?
a.
Infrequent Ultra-Plinian eruptions, forming rhyolitic calderas
5.
After its early phases, a long-lasting mantle plume beneath a continent will not produce as
frequent volcanic activity as a mantle plume beneath an oceanic plate.
a.
True
6.
Yellowstone National Park is
best
described as a ______________.
a.
Caldera
7.
Which of these eruptions is most likely to result in a large caldera?
a.
Ultra-Plinian
8.
Which of these grouping correctly groups a tectonic setting with a volcano type and a
product of the eruption of this volcano?
a.
continent/ocean convergent plate boundary, stratovolcano, lahar flows
9.
The lava associated with the large volcanic eruptions at Yellowstone National Park in the
past formed because of _______________ melting of the ___________________.
a.
partial, continental crust
10.
An eruption at Yellowstone National Park could cripple the US economy and cause
disruption on a global scale.
a.
True
Lesson 21
1.
This diagram of a transform plate boundary explains
....
a.
why the Salton Sea is an area of rifting along the San Andreas fault
2.
Below is a map of plate boundaries along with western coast of North America. In which
locations would you expect to find signs of recent volcanic activity or other signs of
magma below the surface, such as high heat flow or emission of gases. Check all that
apply.
a.
B
b.
C
c.
D
3.
Examine the same diagram as in the previous question. This time, select the ONE location
that you would expect to have the most active volcanoes and the most frequent
eruptions.
a.
B
4.
Excessive emissions of which of these gases can be a sign of an impending eruption?
a.
CO
2
5.
What was the main trigger for the Plinian eruption of Mt. St. Helens in 1980?
a.
landslide that released pressure on the magma and allowed CO2
to escape
6.
If Long Valley Caldera had another very large eruption it would be most similar to
eruptions at ____________.
a.
Yellowstone
7.
Geologists install tiltmeters on volcanoes so they can monitor ______________.
a.
ground movement associated with potential magma movement
8.
Which statement best describes how high CO
2
concentrations in soil near volcanoes can
cause vegetation to die off?
a.
The CO
2
displaces the O
2
in the soil, smothering the plants.
9.
The massive Long Valley caldera in California is over a mantle plume.
a.
False
10.
The tectonic setting of the Aleutian volcanoes is ___________.
a.
a subduction zone
Lesson 22
1.
The four main ways volcanoes kill people are...
a.
lahars, pyroclastic flow, famine, and tsunami
2.
When people are killed by being overtaken by a lava flow, how does that lava generally
differ from most other lava? (i.e. Why can it flow so rapidly?)
a.
it has a lower silica content
3.
Which type of eruption is most likely to cause very widespread famine?
a.
volcano on a continental plate over a mantle plume
4.
Carbon dioxide (CO
2
) may directly kill people who live near volcanoes because
a.
it is heavier than air, which it displaces, causing suffocation
5.
A community is located along a river that flows from a volcano that is 70 km away. As a
city planner, what should be your number one concern for volcanic hazards your city
might face?
a.
Lahar
6.
Why do large-scale volcanic eruptions tend to cause large-scale famines? Check all that
apply.
a.
poison from the volcano kills livestock directly and contaminates soil and water
b.
volcanic ash in the atmosphere blocks the sunlight and causes cooling
c.
sulfur from the eruption combines with water in the atmosphere to create acid
rain
d.
Layers of ash land on fertile soil, making it difficult to grow crops
7.
Which of these eruptions is most likely to cause catastrophic climate change that could
last for 1,000’s of years?
a.
flood basalt
8.
When a large volcanic eruption occurs, large numbers of people over a broad regional
area are most likely to be killed by _____________.
a.
pyroclastic flow???
9.
In Kentucky, your most likely scenario of being killed due to volcanic activity would be
________________.
a.
starving to death
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10.
Most of the time, you could run fast enough (assuming you can run) to get out of way of
______________.
a.
both lahars and lava flows, but not pyroclastic flows
Lesson 23
1.
You are most likely to be killed due to volcanic activity by ___________________________.
a.
being overtaken by pyroclastic flow
2.
What is the difference between pyroclastic flow and a lahar? Check all that apply.
a.
Lahars involve water, while pyroclastic flow does not
b.
Lahars follow existing drainage patterns while pyroclastic flow does not
c.
The potential path of a lahar is more predictable than that of pyroclastic flow
3.
A nuee ardente is an especially hot, fast-moving form of a/an...
a.
pyroclastic flow
4.
What is the source(s) of energy that drive a nuee ardente to move downhill? Check all
that apply.
a.
Gravity
b.
Expansion of gasses
c.
The initial blast of eruption
5.
You live near a subduction zone. Your subdivision is built in a river valley at the edge of a
stratovolcano. Of the many dangers of volcanoes, which two are the ones that you should
be most concerned about? Pick two of the following.
a.
lahars that bury your house quickly
b.
pyroclastic flows that incinerate your house
6.
Volcanic ash mixed with water produces _____________.
a.
Lahars
7.
The ancient Roman cities of Herculaneum and Pompeii were buried and forgotten. What
buried them?
a.
pyroclastic flow
8.
Which of these volcanoes is most likely to produce pyroclastic flow?
a.
Stratovolcano
9.
Which statement best summarizes the death risk from volcanoes as compared to
earthquakes?
a.
Volcanoes kill people infrequently compared with earthquakes, although they can
kill large numbers at once.
10.
Small volcanic eruptions are capable of producing dangerous lahars.
a.
True