HW 2 - MacKenize Andrade
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Midwestern State University *
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Course
1134
Subject
Geology
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
Pages
3
Uploaded by ColonelArtHyena
Homework Assignment #2 –
GEOS 1134: Physical Geology Campus and Online
The Hawaiian mantle plume has left a chain of volcanic islands and seamounts stretching back for ~70 million years. Although the mantle plume has remained relatively stationary, the Pacific Plate above it has moved. Note the ages given for the various islands. Hawaii Island is the youngest (continues to form today) and Kauai Island formed 3.6-5.6 million years ago. Maui formed about 1 million years ago. In other words, the islands are progressively older to the Northwest. In other words, assuming the mantle plume is relatively stationary, the Pacific Plate movement is responsible for the increasing age of the islands as you move northwest of the Hawaii Island. The map at right shows the extent of the recent (2019) lava flows on Hawaii Island in red. Purple indicate prior flows in the 1800s and 1900s. Note their location of the most recent activity on the Southeast side of the island. For more information about the recent volcanic activity visit the USGS website at https://www.usgs.gov/news/k-lauea-volcano-erupts or alternatively, the website https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/hawaii/kilauea/current-activity.html for up to date information. E
Use the information on the previous page and your textbook or other resource to answer the following questions. 1) What direction has the Pacific plate been moving for the last 40 million years? A) Southeast B) North C) Northwest D) Northeast E) West F) None, the plate is stationary and the plume is moving 2) As the island of Hawaii continues to move away from the mantle plume, a new submarine volcano will likely be created. Off of which coast of Hawaii Island would you expect the new submarine volcano to be forming? A) Northwest coast B) Southwest coast C) Northeast coast D) Southeast coast 3) The image at right shows the distribution of seamounts (inactive volcanoes that are now below sea level) in the northern Pacific Ocean. Note the chain of seamounts to the northwest of Hawaii takes a sharp bend (marked by the star). What likely caused the sharp bend in the seamount distribution? A change in the hotspot location or a directional change in the Pacific plate movement? I
8m
la
The
sharp
bend
was
caused
by
both
the
change
in
hotspot
location
and
directional
change
in
pacific
plate
4) The Earth
’
s major tectonic plates are the North American, Eurasian, South American, African, and Indo-
Australian plates are shown on the map below. Iceland (black star) is located on both a plate boundary and a hot spot. The local spreading rate is approximately 2-3 cm per year. a) Given that the Icelandic cities of Bolungarvik (NW Iceland, see map below) and Eskifjordur (E Iceland, see map below) are on the North American and Eurasian plates, respectively, how much will the distance between the two cities likely change over the next 100 years if the spreading rate does not change? b) Based on the above information and your geographic knowledge of the world and the fact that a Boing 747 travels about 900 kilometers/hour, how will the flying time between London and New York City likely change in 10,000 years? They
wouldchange
every
200300am
per
year
since
the
local
spreading
rateis
a3
cm
peryear
f
Yes
t.gl
m6
I
get
from
London
to
New
York
10,000
years
from
now
it
would
take
around
the
same
time
since
the
change
london
to
New
York
biofilm
2.3
10,000
2,9
8
me
21.3km
900
km
hrs
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