GEOE 203 Final Exam 2023

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Casper College *

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Geology

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Jan 9, 2024

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User xxx-xxxx Course GEOE 203: Earth Dynamics - 01708 - F23 (ONLINE) Test GEOE 203 Final Exam 2023 Started 12/12/23 11:15 AM Submitted 12/12/23 1:54 PM Due Date 12/15/23 11:59 PM Status Completed Attempt Score 190 out of 200 points Time Elapsed 2 hours, 39 minutes out of 3 hours Results Displayed Submitted Answers, Feedback • Question 1 2 out of 2 points What is hydraulic conductivity? Selected Answer: a measure of how well water passes through a rock • Question 2 2 out of 2 points Which pair of igneous rock types listed do NOT have the same composition as each other (does not make a matched pair)? Selected Answer: Diorite and Rhyolite • Question 3 10 out of 10 points Describe at least 3 pieces of evidence that Wegner used to argue for Continental Drift. Selected Answer: Wegner had used the fact the continents all fit together to argue for continental drift. Moreover, Wegner used Glossopteris fossil, a subpolar plant with heavy seed to argue. Indeed, the Glosseteris fossils were found on all southern continents. Lastly, Wegner used Mesosaurus fossils, a freshwater reptile that was found in Africa as well as in South America. This reptile would not have been able to swim across an ocean. Response Feedback: [None Given] • Question 4 2 out of 2 points Compared to the rocks that make up the continental crust, the rocks that make up the oceanic crust are: Selected Answer: denser • Question 5 2 out of 2 points Which type of fold has the ‘hinge’ at the bottom and the ‘limbs’ extending up to the sides? Selected Answer: syncline • Question 6

2 out of 2 points In the Earth’s crust, ¾ of the minerals contain these 2 elements (different than the Earth as a whole): Selected Answer: oxygen and silicon • Question 7 10 out of 10 points Describe why you need at least 3 seismic stations to determine the location of an earthquake. Selected Answer: You need at least 3 seismic stattions to determine the location of an earthquake because of the triangle process. Indeed, the data collected can be used to determine the epicenter by where it intersects. Response Feedback: [None Given] • Question 8 2 out of 2 points Which of the following has the highest grade metamorphism? Selected Answer: Gneiss • Question 9 2 out of 2 points The difference between a joint and a fault is: Selected Answer: if there is movement of the rock along the break • Question 10 2 out of 2 points ‘Permeability’ describes Selected Answer: how easily water moves through a rock • Question 11 2 out of 2 points How can you tell the hardness of a mineral? Selected Answer: all of the above • Question 12 2 out of 2 points Sediment grains become rounded primarily during: Selected Answer: transportation of the grains • Question 13 2 out of 2 points What happens to a river when there is an ocean regression event? Selected Answer: base level drops and the river erodes more deeply than before

• Question 14 4 out of 10 points ** This is the same question, BUT with new numbers - you need to calculate it again and answer the question based on your new result. ** There is a hill overlooks a beautiful lake and the land owners want to build a resort at the top of the hill. Using the diagram and values given below, calculate the Safety Factor for the slope and tell me if this hill is a good candidate for the construction project they want to do. L = 90, R = 25, X = 5, S = 600, W = 250,000 Selected Answer: L= 90 R=25 X=5 S=600 W=250000 sf= ((600)*(90)*(25))/((250000)*(5)) sf= 1.08 The safety factor equal about to 1.0. Its indicates that the slope is likely to hold under the given conditions. Therofore, this is a good candidate for the construction project. Response Feedback: You calculated correctly, but did not interpret correctly. That safety factor is far too close to 1. The construction process will probably cause a collapse. (adding construction equipment and building materials increases the weight which reduces the safety factor) • Question 15 2 out of 2 points If magma intrudes into country rock by cracking it and flowing horizontally between two sedimentary layers, lifting the landscape upwards it is called a: Selected Answer: Sill • Question 16 2 out of 2 points The Earth’s magnetic field is important. It does all the following except: Selected Answer: keeps the iron core from expanding outward • Question 17 10 out of 10 points Describe why earthquakes happen when the plates only move a few centimeters each year. Selected Answer: Although the tectonic plates are constantly moving slowly, friction caises them to become stuck a their edges. There is an earthquake that release energy in wave that move through the earth's crust and causes the earth's surface to shake when the stress on the edge exceeds the friction. Response Feedback: [None Given] • Question 18 2 out of 2 points The Hawaiian island chain is an example of a(n):

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Selected Answer: hot-spot island chain • Question 19 2 out of 2 points The boundary between the crust and the mantle is a seismic velocity discontinuity called: Selected Answer: the Moho • Question 20 2 out of 2 points The oceanic crust is composed primarily of: Selected Answer: basalt and gabbro • Question 21 2 out of 2 points What are the two dominant eruptive styles of volcanoes? Selected Answer: Effusive and explosive • Question 22 2 out of 2 points Weathering of rocks ____ Selected Answer: both a and c • Question 23 2 out of 2 points What is the name of the fast, deep part of a river, usually near the center? Selected Answer: Thalweg • Question 24 2 out of 2 points Which of the following is a way to remedy the unsafe slope? Selected Answer: All of the above • Question 25 2 out of 2 points Volcanos can produce: Selected Answer: all of the above • Question 26 2 out of 2 points If an igneous rock has a glassy texture it: Selected Answer: cooled too quickly to crystallize • Question 27

2 out of 2 points What is the name of a depression in the ground that used to be part of a river before it was cut off and dried out? Selected Answer: meander scar • Question 28 2 out of 2 points Why does farming cause erosion damage to the land, they are after all planting plants (vegetation) which is supposed to be good for protecting the soil? Selected Answer: tilling results in loosened soil which is exposed to wind and rain, increasing erosion • Question 29 2 out of 2 points How old is the Earth? Selected Answer: 4.6 billion years old • Question 30 0 out of 2 points Which of the following statements about the walls of The Grand Canyon is true? Selected Answer: the steepest sections are the shale layers because they are stronger than the sandstone • Question 31 2 out of 2 points Foliated means: Selected Answer: minerals reorient to line up somewhat • Question 32 2 out of 2 points What can trigger a mass wasting event? Selected Answer: all of the above • Question 33 2 out of 2 points A magma body that cools underground is called Selected Answer: intrusive • Question 34 2 out of 2 points What is the primary force that causes mass wasting? Selected Answer: gravity • Question 35

2 out of 2 points Oil is made from Selected Answer: dead plankton • Question 36 2 out of 2 points Which type of plate boundary is the San Andreas Fault? Selected Answer: continental-continental strike-slip • Question 37 2 out of 2 points When rock is split by a fault, the part of the rock above the break (fault) is called: Selected Answer: hanging wall • Question 38 2 out of 2 points The term ‘Porosity’ means Selected Answer: how much space is in a rock for air and water • Question 39 10 out of 10 points Describe the sediment sorting and roundness you would expect to find in a river and explain why. Selected Answer: Thus, as the water speed changes, different sized stilt is carried, dropped , sepating and sorting it. This causes the sorting to be moderate to well-sorted. Once you leave the river's very begining, the silt becomes moderately to well-rounded because all the movement of the sediment causes the sediment pieces to bump into each other causing scouring and abrasion and smoothing out sharp corners, resulting in rounded sediment. Response Feedback: [None Given] • Question 40 10 out of 10 points What is type of soil problem causes the most damage in the United States? Why is it so damaging? Selected Answer: The type of soil that cause the most of damage in U.S is expansive soil. Indeed, it contains clay soils that swell and shrink with changes in moisture content. Response Feedback: [None Given] • Question 41 0 out of 2 points The place inside the earth where an earthquake originates is called: Selected Answer: Epicenter • Question 42 2 out of 2 points

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Mauna Loa on Hawaii is an excellent example of what type of volcano? Selected Answer: Shield volcano • Question 43 2 out of 2 points All of the following are true about the magnetic north pole except: Selected Answer: the magnetic north pole is still in the same place as the flag early explores placed • Question 44 2 out of 2 points If you are walking through a city and see a very old marble statue that is missing most of it’s face and other fine details, what is the most likely reason for the damage to the statue? Selected Answer: raindrops contained acid and reacted with the marble causing damage (chemical weathering) • Question 45 2 out of 2 points What is a factor that affects rock strength? Selected Answer: all of the above • Question 46 2 out of 2 points Cleavage always: Selected Answer: forms a flat surface • Question 47 2 out of 2 points What makes magma rise? Selected Answer: hotter magma is less dense than colder rock, so it rises • Question 48 2 out of 2 points What are the two types of weathering? Selected Answer: Mechanical & Chemical • Question 49 2 out of 2 points As a river gets older what happens to it? Selected Answer: it gets curvier • Question 50 10 out of 10 points

List the 3 types of volcanoes, from largest to smallest, and say what type of lava/rock commonly comes out of them. Selected Answer: The 3 types of volcanoes are: from the largest to smallest: Shield volcanoes> Composite volcanoes> Cinder cones. Indeed, Shield volcanoes produce masaltic lava, Composite volcanoes produce mostly intermdiate and felsic lava, plus a lot of ash and tephra, and finally, Cinder cone volcanoes produce basaltic tephra. Response Feedback: Basaltic or Mafic, not "masaltic" • Question 51 2 out of 2 points Which kind of plate boundary can never cause an orogeny? Selected Answer: strike-slip boundaries (continental-continental) • Question 52 2 out of 2 points Most metals found in nature are Selected Answer: bonded to non-metals in minerals • Question 53 2 out of 2 points Conversion of saturated sand or silt into a liquid state under rapid or cyclical stress (vibrations), such as from earthquakes, is called what? Selected Answer: liquefaction • Question 54 10 out of 10 points Tell me the 3 most common cements which hold the grains together in sedimentary rocks. Which one will react with acid? Selected Answer: Three common cements in sedimentary rocks are quartz, calcite, and hematite. However, calcite will react with acide. Response Feedback: [None Given] • Question 55 2 out of 2 points Which lava type has the highest viscosity? Selected Answer: rhyolitic lava • Question 56 10 out of 10 points Describe the Scientific Method. (You can use your own words to describe the steps) Selected Answer: 1.Make an observation 2.Pose a question 3.Make a hypothesis to answer your question

4.Test your hypothesis through many experiments to disprove your hypothesis 5.When proved wrong, report it and start over so then other can try prove it wrong 6.When no one can prove it wrong , then your hypothesis can becomes a theory. Response Feedback: [None Given] • Question 57 10 out of 10 points What is the difference between Habit and Cleavage in relation to minerals? Selected Answer: The difference between Habit and cleavage in relation to mineral is that Habit is how it grow while cleavage is how a mineral breaks. Response Feedback: [None Given] • Question 58 2 out of 2 points Which term is used for an igneous rock that cooled quickly? Selected Answer: Aphanitic • Question 59 2 out of 2 points What are the two intermediate igneous rock types? Selected Answer: Andesite and Diorite • Question 60 2 out of 2 points If you see Karst topography, why kind of bedrock is in the area? Selected Answer: limestone Sunday, December 31, 2023 5:32:06 PM CST

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GEOE 203 Final Exam 2023

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