Lab Exercise - Mineral Properties Uses and Identification 2

Geology Lab 1 Lab Exercise - Mineral Properties, Uses and Identification Name: Date: Part #1 1. List five characteristics that describe a mineral: 2. Luster – How a mineral reflects light. Include whether it is metallic or nonmetallic and whether the mineral is shiny/glassy or dull. a. Indicate whether the luster of each of the following materials is metallic (M) of nonmetallic (NM): a brick: magnet: ice: sharpen pencil lead: frying pan: a mirror: b. From your tray of minerals, how many of your specimens can be grouped into each of the following luster types? Metallic: Nonmetallic: 3. Light transmission – Ability of light to penetrate a mineral. If opaque, no light penetrates; if translucent, some light penetrates; if transparent, most light penetrates through a mineral. a. From your tray of minerals, how many of your specimens are transparent and how many are opaque and how many are translucent? Transparent: Opaque: Translucent: 4. Color – Combination of wavelengths of light absorbed and refracted from a mineral. Some minerals will always have the same color, but other minerals can have a variety of colors based on impurities within the minerals ’ crystalline structures. This is especially true for the “ colorless ” minerals like quartz and calcite. a. From your tray of minerals, select two of your mineral specimens and describe those that appear to be the same mineral but with variable colors: Mineral Name: Color Color Mineral Name: Kaylee Cruz 10/03/23 Naturally occuring solid I generally Inorganic define chemical composition orderly crystalline structure NM M NM M M NM S 10 kompletely 3 10 I kinda clears (not clear) clear) feldspar red white R black

Geology Lab 2 5. Streak – Color of powdered mineral on a porcelain streak plate. Metallic minerals always have a bold streak that is easy to see. 6. Hardness – Resistance of a mineral to being scratched by another substance. Geologist use Mohs Hardness Scale. Use the Mohs Hardness Scale (below) to answer questions #7 and #8: 7. A mineral can be scratched by a masonry nail or knife blade but cannot be scratched by a wire (iron) nail: a) Is this mineral hard or soft? b) What is the hardness number of this mineral on Mohs Scale? c) What mineral is this? 8. A mineral can scratch calcite and the same mineral can be scratched by a wire (iron) nail: a) What is the hardness number of this mineral on Mohs Scale? b) What mineral on Mohs Scale has this hardness? 9. Crystal Form – External appearance of a mineral determined by the bonding arrangements of the atoms in a mineral. For example, quartz has a hexagonal (six sided) form. But, when quartz is broken, this form will no longer be present because the shape does not exist on the inside of this mineral. 10. Breakage – How a mineral break. If breakage is random and uneven, then the mineral fractures . If the mineral breaks along pre-existing planes of weakness, called cleavage planes, then the breakage is called cleavage . Note that some mineral only fracture when they break, like quartz. Some minerals only cleave when they break, like halite. And some mineral cleave and fracture, like feldspar. soft S apalite 4 flowrite

Geology Lab 4 Part #2 16. "Rocks are minerals and minerals are rocks". Why is this statement incorrect? Part #3 17. Obtain a set of minerals as directed by your instructor. Using the physical properties described in Part #1 identify the mineral hand samples and then fill in the mineral ’ s information on the Mineral Hand Sample Lab Identification sheet. This statement is incorrect because most of the time , rocks S will contain minerals , while minerals always contain atoms .

N ame: Date: Name (formula) Place mineral in square Luster: Metallic or Nonmetallic Hardness Color Streak Cleavage: Perfect, Good or Absent Other Properties Plagioclase feldspar ( Na or Ca+AlSiO 3 O 8 ) Place mineral here Potassium-Feldspar ( KAlSi 3 O 8 ) Place mineral here Muscovite mica ( K, OH, Al silicate ) Place mineral here Minerial Identification Stamp: page 1 Kaylee Cruz 10/03/23 colorless ; may have white , iridescent Play of NM 6 gray or white good color from S black within orange , forms brown , translucent white , NM 6 green or white perfect prisms / pink colorless , can be yellow , 5 lit into NM 2 - 2 . 5 brown white perfect thin flexible or transparent red Sheets brown

Quartz ( SiO 2 ) Place mineral here Calcite ( CaCO 3 ) Place mineral here Gypsum ( CaSO 4 +2H 2 0 ) Place mineral here Halite ( NaCl ) Place mineral here page 3 usually transparent colorless Ho NM 7 white absent translucent usually forms NM 3 colorless white perfect prisms colorless ; forms white or tabular NM 2 gray white good crystals colorless ; white , y- forms ellow , blue , Ni 2 . S brown , white perfect cures Or red

Limonite ( Fe 2 O 3 +H 2 O ) Place mineral here Magnetite ( Fe 3 O 4 ) Place mineral here Hematite ( Fe 2 O 3 ) Place mineral here Pyrite ( FeS 2 ) Place mineral here page 4 Mor yellow tarnishes brocon to yelloco NM 1 - 5 . 5 brown absent yellow dark t brown brown silvery tarnishes M 6-6 . S sy dark absent gray b lack grey MON silvery gray , red to I reddish / NM 1 - 6 silver , brown absent opaque black , or brick red silver y tarnishes gold M 6-6 . 5 dark absent brown grey