CHPT 2 ASSIGNMENTS
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Community College of Aurora *
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Course
ESC1000
Subject
Geology
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
docx
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13
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Crystal Tuggle
Chpt. 2 assignment
Activity 2.1 page 28-29 questions
1- Label
2 - What is magma? How does magma differ from lava?
Magma
is the molten or semi-molten natural material from which all igneous rocks are formed_ Under ground
Lava
for molten rock that breaks through the Earth's surface.
3- The terms intrusive
and extrusive
are used to describe which one of the three rock groups?
Igneous
4- In your own words, write a definition of rock texture
.
It’s the size, shape and appearance of a rock
5- Name the process by which sediment is transformed into sedimentary rocks.
Lithification
6- What is the most characteristic feature of sedimentary rocks?
layering structure
7- What type of rock is generated when rocks that formed near the surface become deeply buried and exposed to intense pressures and/or heat?
Metamorphic rocks
8- When determining rock composition, describe the test that can be used to determine whether it contains the mineral calcite.
drop of dilute hydrochloric acid to see if it Fizzes
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1-Which sample(s) (A–H) exhibit(s) porphyritic texture?
A,B,CE,F,G
2-
For the sample(s) you listed in Question 1, what terms are used to describe the larger crystals and the surrounding smaller crystals? Label the larger and smaller crystals on the photo(s).
Larger crystals: Porphyritic texture
Smaller crystals:
groundmass
, or matrix
.
A. Feldspar, Quartz
B. Feldspar, Quartz and Hornblend
C. Rhyolite
D. Pumice
E. Diorite
F. ?
G. Granite
H. Obsidian
3-
Which sample(s) in Figure 2.9 exhibit(s) coarse-grained texture?
G
4-
Complete the description of the environment in which coarse-grained igneous rocks form by choosing the appropriate terms: (1. at great depth or on the surface) (2. slowly or rapidly) (3. extrusive or intrusive).
When molten rock solidifies
(1)
AT GREAT DEPTH , it cools (2) SLOWLY and produces an (3)
INTRUSIVE igneous rock.
Complete the description of the environment in which fine-grained igneous rocks form by choosing the appropriate terms: 1. near the surface) (2. rapidly) (3. extrusive). When molten rock solidifies (1)
on the earth’s surface, it cools (2)rapidly and produces an (3)extrusive Which of the sample(s) in Figure 2.9 exhibit(s) fine-grained texture?
C
Which of the sample(s) in Figure 2.9 exhibit(s) vesicular texture?
D
Which sample(s) in Figure 2.9 exhibit(s) glassy texture?
H
Although Samples A and C in Figure 2.9 appear different, they have very similar mineral compositions. Briefly explain what accounts for their different appearances.
The partial melting of a mixture of different minerals
Activity 2.3 page 33 questions 1,2, 3
Sample(s) F,A has/have felsic (granitic) composition.
Sample(s) D, C has/have intermediate (andesitic) composition.
Sample(s) B,E has/have mafic (basaltic) or ultramafic composition.
Activity 2.5 page 35 questions 1What characteristic can be used to distinguish Sample A (conglomerate) from Sample B (breccia)?
A conglomerate is rounded fragments
Breccia has angular fragments
2 List the name(s) of the chemical sedimentary rocks that clearly exhibit(s) clastic texture.
coquina and fossiliferous limestone.
3 Samples C, O, P, and Q are all primarily composed of quartz. What property of quartz would assist you in identifying these samples?
Hardness
4 Samples G–L all contain calcite. What property of calcite would assist you in identifying these samples? Luster
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5 Compare and contrast Sample I (fossiliferous limestone) and Sample J (coquina).
Visible fossils , any type of limestone
Pieces of limestone, like shells
6 Sample G (crystalline limestone) in Figure
2.13
and Sample F (granite) in
Figure
2.11
are both crystalline. How do these samples differ in appearance?
One is grainy and the other harder than the other
7 What characteristic do Sample Q (agate) and Sample L (travertine) share?
They are biochemical and layered -Banded shape
8 Which of these terms most accurately describes the texture of Sample N
—
clastic
or nonclastic
?
Clastic
9 Sample H is a microcrystalline rock composed of calcite, and Sample O is a microcrystalline rock composed of quartz. What test(s) could be used to figure out which is which?
Acid Test
10 What mineral does Sample D contain that gives it a pinkish color?
potassium feldspar
Activity 2.7 page 40 question 1-
Use Figure 2.16 to identify the environment(s) (A–L) where the sediment for the following sedimentary rocks could have been deposited.
Rock gypsum: Lakes, ocean
Conglomerate:
Rivers
Sandstone: rivers, lakes that collide with the sea
Shale: lakes and flood plains
Bituminous coal: Swamp areas
Travertine:
Caves
2 - Briefly describe the environment that is associated with the formation of coral reefs.
Forms in warm, shallow clear seas and secreted by corals and marine life.
3 - The rocks in Zion National Park, Utah, consist of layers of well-sorted quartz sandstone, shown in Figure 2.17. Describe the environment that existed when these sediments were deposited. (Hint: Examine the sedimentary environments shown in Figure 2.16.)
a. made of bits and pieces of older rocks that have been weathered, eroded, and deposited in layers
Lab Report page 45-46 questions 1-5 all parts
The rock samples you encountered while completing this exercise are called hand samples
because you can pick them up in your hand and study
them. You can also easily examine hand samples with a hand lens, test them for hardness and reactivity to HCl, and feel and heft them. However, some characteristics of each rock group are so diagnostic that you can observe them at a distance and classify the rocks as igneous, sedimentary,
or metamorphic. Examine the rock outcrops shown in Figure
2.23
and determine whether each is igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic.
Outcrop A:
Sedimentary
Outcrop B:
metamorphic
Outcrop C:
Igneous
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2-
Match each of the metamorphic rocks listed below with one possible parent rock from the following list: bituminous coal, shale, limestone, slate, granite, sandstone.
ETAMORPHIC ROCK
NAME OF PARENT ROCK
A.Marble:
Limestone
3-
Slate: -
Shale
4- Phyllite:
Shale
5- Gneiss:
Granite
6- Quartzite:
Sandstone
7-
Anthracite: bituminous coal
Match each term or characteristic with the appropriate rock group.
a.
Foliated texture- Metamorphic rock
b.
Clastic texture - Sedimentary
c.
Gneissic texture - M
d.
Chemical rocks-S
e.
Porphyritic texture - I
f.
Lithification-S
g.
Alignment of mineral grains-M
h.
Silt-size particles- S
i.
Vesicular texture- I
j.
Strata or beds-S
k.
Felsic composition - I
l.
Slaty texture-M
m. Glassy texture-I
n.
Evaporite deposits-S
o.
Detrital rocks-S
Igneous rocks:
E,I,K,M
Sedimentary rocks:
B, D,HJ,N,O
Metamorphic rocks: A, C, G, L
4-Identify the foliated metamorphic rocks shown in Figure 2.24 and list them in order from lowest to highest metamorphic grade.
A- Slate-
B- Gneiss
C- Schist
D- Phyllite
5-
Identify each of the rocks shown in Figure
2.25
and the rock group to which each belongs.
a.
Pumice – Igneous
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b.
Limestone -Sedimentary
c. Granite-Igneous
d.
Obsidian- Igneous
e. Strata-Sedimentary
f.
Coquina-Sedimentary
g. Conglomerate-Sedimentary
h.
Diorite - Igneous