Lab+Activity+2+Earthquakes+823
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Geology
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Apr 3, 2024
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PHS 111 SSCS
L A 2
LAB ACTIVITY 2-
EARTHQUAKES
REFERENCE-PHYSICAL SCIENCE BY HEWITT CHAPTER 21,
SECTIONS 5-7
OBJECTIVES
:
Explain how magma generation is related to movement of plates.
Describe how stress forces affect rocks and how related strains is seen at the Earth surface.
Identify two different types of plate boundaries on a map or globe of the Earth.
Part I-Introduction
Plate tectonics describes the motions of the Earth’s lithosphere that creates ocean basins, mountain ranges, earthquake belts and most other large-scale features on the Earth’s surface. Driven by heat and gravity large scale convection currents in the asthenosphere of the mantle these plates are constantly moving relative to each other and the surface of the Earth is being renewed and recycled in the divergent and convergent boundaries. One of the most fearsome and striking features of the collisions between the plates is the earthquake where enormous amounts of energy is released causing tremendous destruction. The focus of this lesson is on where, why and how earthquakes occur. We will also consider how geologist can predict future earthquakes.
Click on the following hyperlink and go to the IRIS site. Answer the following questions. https://www.iris.edu/hq/
Click on the “
seismic monitor
” link near the middle of the page and study the displayed map of the world. 1.
The magenta colored dots on the NASA blue world map of Earth represent earthquakes. The pattern of these occurrences reveals the outline of current
a.
Oceans
b.
Continents
c.
Plate tectonics
d.
Volcanoes
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2.
Click on the dropdown link below the map “Last 30 Days Earthquakes.”
Stroll down to August 17, 2023 earthquakes and write down the information on the earthquake which occurred in Colombia. These can be identified by the IRIS ID’s 11733739 and 11733734 in the las column of the table for “Last 30 Days Earthquakes.”
Identifying information for the two quakes that occurred in Colombia on 17 August 2023:
IRIS ID
Latitude
Longitude
Magnitude
Depth
11733739:
11733734
3.
What is the name of the major mountain chain that runs through Columbia? ____________________________
4.
Why are so many earthquakes in Colombia? Essay. Type in your answer below.
Part II- Plate Boundaries
1.
Divergent Plate Boundaries
a.
Where are most divergent plate boundaries located? b.
How fast is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge spreading? ______________________________________________________________________
c.
Currently the Atlantic Ocean is 4830 km at its widest point. If the rate of spreading (identified in the last question) has been constant, calculate the
age of the Atlantic Ocean. Show your work.
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d.
What is the name of the continental divergent boundary in East Africa?
e.
Why are the most ancient rocks found on the continents and not in the oceans? Explain.
2.
Convergent Plate Boundaries
a.
Name the three types of convergent plate boundaries. 1.
2.
3. b.
Define the term subduction.
c.
Lithospheric rock is continuously created and destroyed. Where do the creation and destruction take place
? d.
Do the rates of the two processes balance each other
? Explain
e.
Explain how volcanoes are created near subduction zones. 3 | P a g e
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PHS 111 SSCS
L A 2
f.
What type of plate collision is producing the Himalayas? ______________________________________________________________________________
3.
Transform Boundaries
a.
The San Andreas Fault separates the northwest moving Pacific Plate, on which Los Angeles sits, from the North America Plate, on which San Francisco sits. If the plates slide past each other at a rate of 3.5 cm/yr., how long will it take for the two cities to be one? Show work.
4. Earthquakes
a.
In an earthquake, does the release of energy usually happen all at once? Defend your answer. b.
Earthquakes at plate boundaries vary in their size and destructiveness. Rank the type of plate- plate boundaries according to increasing earthquake destructiveness: (a) divergent boundaries, (b) transform boundaries, (c) convergent boundaries.
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1.
2.
3.
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Ctrl+ click to watch video of tsunami. Thanks to IRIS site and YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBkMLYUyUZg
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