GEOL101 Lab 8
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101
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Geology
Date
Feb 20, 2024
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GEOL 101 Dynamics of the Earth
Lily Razzano
Lab 8
Section 3 GEOL101
Question 1. Put all 8 geologic events in Figure 10 in the proper sequence from oldest to
youngest in the table provided. If an unconformity is present indicate what type, angular
unconformity, disconformity, or nonconformity.
Figure 10: The tilting beds located below unit B indicate an erosional surface or
unconformity is present. These tilting beds were originally deposited horizontally, they
are tilting now because of a folding event.
Youngest 8.
Earth’s Surface
7.
N
6.
B
5.
L
4.
T
3.
P
2.
A
Oldest 8.
J
Question 2. What type of unconformity is L? How do you know?
L is an angular conformity, it makes an angle with the underlying beds
Question 3. Which rock unit is older J or T? How do you know?
J is older than T, because the beds dip towards the left therefore T is younger
Question 4. Put all 14 geologic events depicted in Figure 11 in the proper sequence from
oldest to youngest in the table below. Use the event bank below to complete the table;
each event will only be used once.
Figure 11: Granite F is an igneous intrusion with a dike extending towardsthe surface. Notice
that all the beds that granite F cuts are tilted, indicating that the folding event that tilted these
beds is most likely due to the intrusion of granite F. Because of this relationship the folding
event must be younger than the intrusion of granite F.
Event Bank:
Deposit H, Deposit J, Deposit C, Deposit B, angular unconformity
Deposit E, Deposit D, Deposit K, Granite F, disconformity
Deposit I, Deposit G, Deposit A , folding
Youngest 14.
Deposit H
10.
Deposit C
5.
Deposit B
13.
Deposit D
9.
Angular unconformity
4.
Deposit A
12.
Deposit E
8.
Folding
3.
Deposit G
11.
Disconformity
7.
Granite F
2.
Deposit I
6.
Deposit K
Oldest 1.
Deposit J
Refer to Figure 12 to answer the following questions.
Question 5. Are there inclusions of granite in unit A? Which is younger granite or
deposition of unit A - H?
Granite is younger than deposition of unit A-H and there would be no inclusions .
Question 6. Based on cross cutting relationships which is older, Fault X or granite?
Here we are using cross cutting relationship and we conclude that Fault X is younger than the
granite it means granite is older
Question 7. Based on cross cutting relationships which is older, Fault Y or Fault X?
By using cross cutting relationships, we can understand that Fault X is older than fault Y .
Question 8. What type of fault is Fault Y?
Fault Y represents normal fault
Question 9. What type of fault is Fault X?
Fault X represent reverse fault
Figure 12: There are no inclusions of granite in unit A and units A – H are all folded the same,
indicating the granite intruded into units A – H after they were deposited and
most likely caused the folding event. The basalt cross cuts all other
geologic features and therefore must be the youngest event.
Event Bank:
Deposit A - H , Deposit J , Granite , Angular Unconformity
Fault X , Basalt , Folding , Deposit K
Deposit I , Deposit L , Fault Y
Question 10. Put all 11 geologic events depicted in figure 12 in the proper sequence from oldest
to youngest in the table provided. Use the event bank to complete the table, each event will only
be used once and all the listed events should be used.
8.
Fault X
4.
Deposit J
Youngest 11.
Deposit A-H
7.
Basalt
3.
Deposit K
10.
Folding
6.
Angular unconformity
2.
Deposit L
9.
Granite
5.
Deposit I
Oldest 1.
Fault Y
THE PRINCIPLE OF FAUNAL SUCCESSION
Question 11. Use the age ranges in figure 16 to determine the age of the three rocks
below.
Rock E Age:
Pennsylvanian
Rock F Age:
Cretaceous
Rock G Age:
Devonian
Question 12. List rocks E, F, and G in order from youngest on the left to oldest on the
right.
Rock F Youngest, Rock E, Rock G Oldest
Figure 16: Age ranges for questions 11, 12, 13, and 14.
Figure 17: Correlating three outcrops.
Question 13. Fill in the blanks below using figure 17.
Layer
2
in Outcrop A correlates to Layer
8
in Outcrop B.
Layer
5
in Outcrop B correlates to Layer
12
in Outcrop C.
Question 14. Which layer (1 – 12) in outcrops A, B, or C represent rock F from Question
11. .
Layer 10 in outcrop C represents the rock F, because the same fossil content.
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