chapter 4

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Austin Community College District *

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1309

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Geography

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Apr 3, 2024

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Learning Objectives • Explain the process of tsunami formation and development o What are the different ways in which a tsunami can be produced? – Large EQs that cause rapid uplift or subsidence of the seafloor – Underwater landslides caused by Eqs – Part of a volcano collapses, slides into sea – Extraterrestrial object impact in the ocean o How do earthquakes generate tsunamis? Which fault type would not be able to do this? o How do tsunami waves change as they approach the coastline? Think in terms of wave amplitude and wavelength. • Synthesize the effects of tsunamis and the hazards they pose to coastal regions o How are boats at sea affected by tsunamis? o How do DART buoys detect tsunami waves? • Summarize the linkages between tsunamis and other natural hazards • Discuss what nations, communities, and individuals can do to minimize the tsunami hazard o What is a runup map? How is it useful? o What are the warning signs that a tsunami may be coming? o What was the biggest factor that caused the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 to be a catastrophe rather than a disaster? • Identify the actions you should take and not take if a tsunami warning is issued Vocabulary • Know and understand key terms in text, including: o runup o local vs. distant tsunami Are all shorelines at risk for tsunamis? No. Only shorelines around the Indian Ocean are at risk. No. Only shorelines around the Pacific Ocean are at risk. Yes, and all shorelines are at equal risk.

Yes, but some shorelines are more at risk than others. Yes, but they don't actually cause any damage unless they originate in the Pacific Ocean. Tsunamis have enough erosional power to alter the landscape of coastlines that they hit. True False Usually, there is only one wave from the tsunami and once it recedes, people may safely return to their homes. True False Why don't earthquakes on transform faults trigger tsunamis? the earthquakes aren't strong enough the earthquakes aren't in the ocean the earthquakes don't vertically displace the water in the ocean the earthquakes don't move fast enough the earthquakes don't horizontally displace the water in the ocean Which of the following cannot produce tsunamis? submarine landslides volcano collapses subduction zone earthquakes transform fault earthquakes asteroid impacts Which of the following signs should cause a person to leave a low-lying or beach area? an earthquake is felt near a susceptible coastline area the ocean begins to recede, exposing the ocean floor a tsunami siren is heard a giant wall of water is seen moving towards the beach all of the above should cause people to move to higher ground Which is the best explanation for how earthquakes cause tsunamis? Earthquakes shift the sea floor up or down, causing water to be displaced. Earthquakes shake the water, causing the ripples to move outward in all directions. Earthquakes cause a release of gas on the seafloor that causes water to be displaced. Earthquakes heat ocean water, causing it to expand and move as a wave. Earthquakes do not cause tsunami.

Which of the following are ways to minimize the hazard from tsunamis? Greater emphasis on detection and warning systems Stricter building codes for structures on vulnerable coastlines Increased planting of native vegetation to break waves Educate people about what to do during a tsunami All of the above are ways to minimize the hazard Which of the following is not a part of tsunami detection and warning? seismographs tidal gauges buoy sensors tsunameters sling psychrometers Which of the following describes what happens to tsunami waves as they move towards the shore? the waves increase in amplitude, decrease in both speed and frequency. the waves decrease in amplitude and frequency, increase in speed. the waves increase in amplitude and frequency, decrease in speed. the waves decrease in amplitude, increase in both speed and frequency. the amplitude, frequency, and speed of the waves all stay the same. Tsunamis in the open ocean are big enough to capsize freighters and other large boats. True False

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