Temperature Lab_Part 2_W24 (1)
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University of Winnipeg *
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Course
1205L
Subject
Geography
Date
Apr 3, 2024
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LAB 3 – TEMPERATURE LAB
Student Name: Firas Ayari
Tutorial Section:
Student Number: 3163368
PURPOSE
In this lab you will explore the global distribution of surface air temperature as well as the human relationship and response to air temperature. You will be given the option to either gather or interpret real world data of temperature, wind speed, and humidity in Winnipeg. You will then calculate windchill temperatures and/or heat index values while practicing graphing techniques. You will be given the opportunity to practice estimations and measurements in the field, as well as spreadsheet calculations and graphical skills. PART 1: FIELD DATA COLLECTION
** Collected last week **
PART 2: EXCEL SKILLS AND ISOTHERM MAP
1.
Calculate the wind chill (if your temperature values are predominantly negative)
or the humidex (if your temperature values are predominantly positive) in an excel spreadsheet from the data you collected in Part 1 of the lab:
a.
Input a table (like Table 1 above) with your calculated wind chill or
humidex values for locations A to J on the next page of this assignment. 5 marks
Don’t forget to include a descriptive table caption.
*Note: Table captions are usually placed above the table, while figure captions are usually places below the figure. The standard Wind Chill formula for Environment Canada is:
T
WC
= 13.12 + 0.6215T
a
– 11.37V
0.16
+ 0.3965T
a
V
0.16
Where T
WC
is the wind chill index, T
a
is the air temperature in degrees Celsius (°C), and V is the wind speed in kilometres per hour (km/h).
The standard Humidex (Heat Index) formula for Environment Canada is:
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University of Winnipeg GEOG-1205L
T
H
= T
a
+ 0.5555(e-10)
Where T
H
is the humidex, T
a
is the air temperature in degrees Celsius (°C), and e is the vapor pressure in millibars
*
(mb).
* Important: We can calculate vapour pressure (mb) from our measures of Relative Humidity (%). Remember RH(%) represents how saturated the air is. So if we know RH(%) and we can figure out saturation vapour pressure for a given temperature (see figure from the textbook on the next page). We should be able to calculate vapour pressure. Another way to look at this, is that RH% represents how close or how far we are from saturation. So at 100% RH, vapour pressure = saturation vapour pressure, at 50% relative humidity the air can hold twice as much moisture, and so vapour pressure is half that of saturation vapour pressure.
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University of Winnipeg GEOG-1205L
RH
=
vapour pressure
(
mb
)
saturation vapour pressure
(
mb
)
∗
100%
3
University of Winnipeg GEOG-1205L
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2.
Create a windchill or humidex isotherm map: Transfer your windchill or humidex values neatly to your location map (Appendix A). Draw isotherms at 1° or 2°C intervals (depending on how big your temperature range is … ask your lab instructor if you are having trouble deciding). Your isotherms should neat and labelled. Be sure to add an appropriate and descriptive figure caption (where, what, when). 10 marks
*Note: isolines cannot touch, split, divide into two branches, or end in the middle of the page. *Isotherms typically stop at any walls of surface obstructions (like buildings) and at the edges of the map, but for this lab you may assume that the temperatures inside the buildings are consistent with the temperatures outside and draw the isotherms through the buildings.
3.
Describe which geographic locations on your map were the coldest in terms of windchill, or the warmest in terms of the humidex, and attempt to explain (hypothesize as to) why this might be the case. 3 marks
PART 3: COMPLETE EITHER OPTION 1 OR OPTION 2.
PLEASE DO NOT COMPLETE BOTH!!!
OPTION 1: GLOBAL TEMPERATURES
1.
Construct a graph to show how January temperatures vary across the surface of the Earth along the 60
°
N
parallel. The x-axis should begin at 150
°
W
, let each grid mark represent 30
°
longitude. The y-axis should begin at -40
°
C
, let each grid mark represent 5
°
C. Plot points on this graph (showing temperature for a given longitude) and join the points with a smooth, continuous line. On the same graph, draw a similar line for 60
o
S
.
10 Marks
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University of Winnipeg GEOG-1205L
2.
Similar to the graph constructed in Question 1, construct a graph to show how July temperatures vary across the surface of the Earth along the 60
°
N and 60
°
S parallels. 10 Marks
3.
Briefly describe the patterns illustrated on each graph and provide an explanation(s) for the observed patterns. 8 Marks
a.
January 60
°
N:
The graph for January 60°N shows a temperature gradient that is generally colder in the western longitudes and becomes less cold towards the east. This could be interpreted as the influence of warm ocean currents or air masses affecting the eastern part of the 60°N latitude. In the real world, the North Atlantic Current, part of the Gulf Stream, brings warmer waters to the east, which could contribute to milder temperatures.
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University of Winnipeg GEOG-1205L
b.
January 60
°
S:
The January 60°S graph displays consistently cold temperatures across the longitude, with a slight warming trend towards the eastern longitudes. Given that this latitude is largely oceanic and influenced by the Southern Ocean's circumpolar currents, any warming trend could be due to localized oceanic or atmospheric conditions. However, the temperature variation is less pronounced than in the Northern Hemisphere, likely due to the Southern Hemisphere's summer being milder due to the Earth's orbital eccentricity.
c.
July 60
°
N:
The July temperatures at 60°N show a warming trend from west to east. This could be due to the Northern Hemisphere experiencing summer, with longer daylight hours leading to warmer temperatures. Additionally, landmasses in the east, like Europe and Asia, tend to warm up more than the ocean-dominated west, leading to higher temperatures.
d.
July 60
°
S:
For July at 60°S, the temperatures are consistently low across the longitudes but slightly warmer compared to January. This latitude is in the midst of winter during July, and since it is mostly ocean, the temperature remains cold but relatively stable due to the thermal inertia of the ocean. Any slight variation could be due to changes in sea ice concentration or minor shifts in ocean currents.
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Source: Assignment #5, Intro Atmospheric Science, GEOG 1201L
Figure 1: Average January air temperature (°C) at sea level
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University of Winnipeg GEOG-1205L
Source: Assignment #5, Intro Atmospheric Science, GEOG 1201L
Figure 2: Average July air temperature (°C) at sea level
OPTION 2: COMPARISON WITH LAST YEARS DATA
1.
Design and create two
different visualization methods (e.g. graphs or maps) that highlight the difference(s) in temperature on campus between this year and last year. As always, be sure to include all necessary labels and units, as well as a descriptive figure caption. 20 Marks
2.
Offer a justification of your two chosen visualization methods (explain what you are trying to show, and why you chose to display the data in this way).
OR…
Offer an explain of the observed differences (interpret the results that your
graphics are presenting). 8 Marks
PART 4: SLING PSYCHROMETER AND HUMIDITY
1.
Complete the following table using the information provided and the Psychrometric Tables (
Table 1
and Table 2
) found below (Pgs. 7 and 8). *Note:
DB = dry bulb temperature; WB = wet bulb temperature; DT = depression temperature (DB – WB); RH = relative humidity; and DP = dew point temperature.
5 Marks
DB (
o
C)
WB (
o
C)
DT (
o
C)
RH (%)
DP (
o
C)
32
21
2
-2
2.
Use the sling psychrometer provided to determine the relative humidity and dewpoint temperature at two sites. You will work in groups (3 or 4 students).
*Note: Please include the full names of students in your group as a source. 8 Marks
SITE
DB (
o
C)
WB (
o
C)
DT (
o
C)
RH (%)
DP (
O
C)
Lab Room (4CM42)
Outdoor space on 5
th
floor, near the quiet space
source: _____________________________________________________________________
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3.
Relative humidity represents the difference between the actual amount of moisture in the air and the maximum amount of moisture the air can hold. Use Table 3 below
(Pg. 9) to complete the following table: 7.5 Marks
DB (
o
C)
SATURATION
MIXING RATIO
(g/kg)
MIXING RATIO
(g/kg)
RH (%)
14
5
14
9
24
5
24
2
34
7
4.
In the winter, cold air is brought into homes and is heated. How does the
relative humidity of that air change? 2 Marks
Total Marks = 68.5
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University of Winnipeg GEOG-1205L
Table 1: A psychrometric table for relative humidity (%)
Source: Assignment #5, Intro Atmospheric Science, GEOG 1201L
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University of Winnipeg GEOG-1205L
Table 2: A psychrometric table for dew point temperature (°C)
Source: Assignment #5, Intro Atmospheric Science, GEOG 1201L
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Table 3: Saturation mixing ratio at sea level as a function of
temperature
Source: Assignment #5, Intro Atmospheric Science, GEOG 1201L
DRY BULB
TEMPERATUR
E (
o
C)
SATURATION
MIXING RATIO (g/kg)
-40
0.118
-35
0.195
-30
0.318
-25
0.510
-20
0.784
-18
0.931
-16
1.102
-14
1.300
-12
1.529
-10
1.794
-8
2.099
-6
2.450
-4
2.852
-2
3.313
0
3.819
2
4.439
4
5.120
6
5.894
8
6.771
10
7.762
12
8.882
14
10.140
16
11.560
18
13.162
20
14.956
22
16.963
24
19.210
26
21.734
28
24.557
30
27.694
32
31.213
34
35.134
36
39.502
38
44.381
40
49.815
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University of Winnipeg GEOG-1205L