Lab 7 Forestry in BC F23
pdf
keyboard_arrow_up
School
University of Victoria *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
111
Subject
Geography
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
Pages
10
Uploaded by horsessing
NAME: ___________________________________ CAMOSUN COLLEGE GEOGRAPHY 105 / 75 ASSIGNMENT 6: FORESTRY IN BC At the start of the course, we covered BC’s forests from an ecological perspective, seeing how the forest types varied across the landscape by species and volume but now you are asked to give some thought to the economics of forestry in BC. We have two categories of forested land in BC –
crown land and private land. Private land is owned by an individual or corporation and outside of the provincial government's governance. The rest of the land in BC is crown land, owned by His Majesty, held in trust for the citizens of Canada, and managed by the provinces. In BC we have a Forest Act that stipulates how crown land can be used for forestry and the distinct types of tenure that can be granted –
agreements, licenses, or permits –
to timber harvest, grow Christmas trees, ranch, or road-build. With each of those tenures, there are often obligations and payments associated. To ensure that each tenure is factored into the provincial harvest totals, we have Timber Supply Areas (TSA) and individual licenses and permits are recorded by TSA.
PART A: Forest Management In a TSA, individual tree farm licenses (TFL) can be issued to allow for commercial timber harvest. A TFL is issued for 25 years and requires the license holder to pay stumpage for timber harvested and waste assessments for any timber left not cut and removed, as per the license. Stumpage rates are set by species and by area –
factoring in terrain, volume, and mix –
and they are the compensation that is provided to British Columbians for private interests to log on crown land. For our coastal forests, this is our current stumpage pricing for sawlogs in 2023 ($/m3): Stumpage is a hugely controversial issue in Canada-United States trade relations and that is significant provincially because 54% of US softwood lumber comes from BC. The US has long claimed that the crown land construct in Canada is an unfair subsidy of our private forest companies –
they can harvest timber without land costs –
while US forest companies harvest on privately owned land and incur far higher costs as a result. Since 1982, the US has been issuing tariffs on incoming Canadian (BC) lumber to rectify this perceived discrepancy in costs. Cross-
border pricing stability was achieved between 2006-2015 with a Softwood Trade Agreement but, since its expiry, tariffs on Canadian softwood being exported to the US have doubled.
Logging is becoming an expensive industry. For Canadian companies, the privately-owned US stands of fast-growing yellow pine are attractive options –
there is no stumpage and no cross-border tariff fees to incur. As a result, we have started to see Canadian and multi-national logging companies invest in land and sawmills in the US. Since 2005, 35 mills have closed in BC, and timber jobs have been getting sparser on the ground. In the 2023 provincial budget, the provincial government predicted a 10% decline in revenues from logging over the next two years and the annual allowable cut is predicted to decrease. Let us look at the details. PART B: Forest Economics Okay, so you have now artfully represented the dominant coniferous trees in the province. Let us now see what they are worth to us. Open the 2021 Economic State of British Columbia’s Forest Sector report
: 1.
Using the 2021 Report Overview, find the following statistics on BC’s forest sector:
/ 5 a.
How many jobs were in BC’s forest sector?
______________________ b.
What was forestry’s contribution to the provincial GDP? _$_________ billion c.
What was forestry’s contribution to provincial revenue?
_$_________ billion d.
What portion of BC’s manufacturing sales came from the forests? 
__________ % e.
What portion of BC’s export commodities were forest generated? __________ % 2.
What were four negative and two positive drivers in BC’s Forest
sector in 2021? 
/ 6
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
3.
Using the 2021 Report Overview, find the following statistics on BC’s timber harvest:
/ 5 a.
What was the total timber harvest in BC: _____________________ m
3
b.
What was the Interior timber harvest %: ________% c.
What was the Coastal timber harvest %: 
________% d.
The highest volume of harvest in the last decade occurred in this year:
____________ 4.
The two most dominant tree species for log harvest are 
/ 4 on the coast: 1. ___________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________ in the interior: 1. ___________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________ Does this correspond with the dominance of these species found in these / 2 ecozones? Coast: Y N Interior: Y N 5.
What are the two forms of forest sector manufacturing done in BC? 
/ 3 ____________________________ ____________________________ And, over the last decade, which has held the larger sector share of forest manufacturing? (Place a star beside your choice, above) 6.
58% of BC’s wood product sales in 2021 came from wood chips and sawdus
t. What other non-lumber industries are developing/contributing to $16.2 billion worth of wood product sales from our province?
/ 4
7.
What does SPF stand for and what percentage of BC’s softwood lumber volume does it contribute? 
/ 2 8.
Which three countries are our main forest export markets and, as of 2021, what was BC’s percentage share of Canada’s exports went to these nations? 
/ 3 9.
What was the 2021 export value of softwood lumber that left BC for the States? 
/ 1 10.
China has a different trade relationship to BC than the US; what is the primary product that BC supplies China? Where does China choose to obtain its softwood lumber?
/ 2 At the Truck Loggers Association of British Columbia 2023 spring conference
, there was a lot of talk about the lack of competitiveness in our provincial forest industry. Concerns about high stumpage rates and the allure of logging in the US were bolstered with worries around carbon
taxation and the recent deferrals –
the decisions made by the province to hold logging back on lands where ecosystem significance deserves further investigation –
all of which make BC a less competitive jurisdiction with fewer high-quality tree to be cut cheaply. At the same Truck Logger Association conference, Chief Forester of BC, Shane Berg
, said “
It is the public and the Indigenous’ peoples’ forests… [
and that he] …
wants BC to be recognized worldwide for its practice on sustainability and reforestation”
The Chief Forester was repeating an ideal from 1992 when the province first created an Old Growth strategy to include the non-timber values of a forest in their management planning. In the intervening thirty years it has been tough to balance the economic demands of forestry communities and commercial logging companies with the ecological, spiritual, and cultural significance of our provincial forests. In fact, no one –
not loggers, not citizens, not even government - have been happy with the forestry as it stands. It is time for something new. PART C: Forest Protection On October 24, 2019, British Columbia declared its intent to pass Bill 41, legislation intended to harmonize its laws with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). In collaboration with the First Nations Leadership Council, the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (DRIPA) created a framework for reconciliation that passed all levels of provincial approval on November 28, 2019. Embedded in Declaration Act is the requirement that the province develop and implement an action plan –
tangible deliverables that meet the requirements of UNDRIP –
in consultation and collaboration with BC’s Indigenous Peoples. Undoing 150 years of colonization takes time…and that can also be a huge excuse…so the action plan has demanded a five-year turn-around on four main goals. 11.
What are the four main goals (themes) in the DRIPA Action Plan 2022-2027
?
/ 8 Honouring the title and rights of Indigenous Peoples means that First Nations have the right to own, use, develop and control lands and resources within their territories in BC –
this includes forest management and harvest within the large historic territories of First Nations; land that is currently owned or leased to commercial logging companies through TFL tenures. This creates a tricky knot to untie –
settling land claims, protecting old growth forests, supporting resource communities with consistent and reliable jobs, co-developing laws, and governance with individual First Nations, addressing climate change and preserving biodiversity. In 2019 when DRIPA was passed, change was already a-foot in the forest sector: the BC government was facing public concern regarding the rate of logging in old-growth forests and, in response, the BC government commissioned a two-person panel to undertake a province-wide
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
review of sector management. On April 30, 2020, that review was submitted to government for approval and A New Future for Old Forests: A Strategic Review of How British Columbia Manages for Old Forests within its Ancient Ecosystems was released to the public on September 11, 2020, with a press release that said the government accepted the review in full and would be following all 14 recommendations. Below is the government
’
s introductory video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfPXloJUZ8Q) on the Strategic Review Recommendations. What a time to be alive! We are on the doorstep of revolutionary change in how forestry is done in British Columbia and the panel has opened the door to abundance and prosperity…the only problem from your perspective is that we are on the doorstep –
we will not cross the threshold until the end of 2023 when the first of the recommendations are enacted. 12.
What are the four main paradigm shifts that the Strategic Review calls for? 
/ 4 13.
The Strategic Review provides several definitions of the term “old growth forest” and requested the province provide clarity on what that term means. After reading the technical definitions, the age thresholds and the feedback provided in the review, provide a
definition of an old forest for the government to consider. 
/ 5 14.
Using the Strategic Review
, find the following statistics: 
/ 5 a.
How big is BC? 
______________________ha b.
How much of BC is forested? 
________%
________________ ha c.
How much of BC’s Forest
is old growth? 
________%
________________ ha d.
How much of BC’s old growth is: 
Protected ________% ________________ ha In the Timber Harvest Land Base (THLB) ________% ________________ ha You listened to the 14 recommendations in the government’s YouTube video previously and now, in the Strategic Review, each one is elaborated on.
15.
What are the three key review findings required for forest management success in the province? 
/ 3 16.
What is the 3-zone management framework that is proposed for BC? 
/ 3 17.
Goal 14 is to support forest sector workers and communities as they adapt to changes resulting from a new forest management system. What is the rationale for this and what is
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
the main implementation advice to provide this support. Use this as a summary question for what you have learned in this lab.
/ 10