Understanding Lightning, Tornadoes, and Severe Weather Effects

 Question 1 2 out of 2 points How much current (in the form of amperes) is generated in a typical lightning stroke? Selected Answer: c. 15,000–30,000 amperes Answers: a. 15–30 amperes b. 1.5–3.0 amperes c. 15,000–30,000 amperes d. 1,500–3,000 amperes e. 150–300 amperes  Question 2 2 out of 2 points In the figure below, what is the reason tornadoes in the United States are concentrated along the so- called ‘Tornado Alley’ during the spring and summer months?

Selected Answer: c. Warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico interacts with cool air from Canada over the mid-contine Answers: a. Warm, moist air from the Pacific Ocean interacts with warm, dry air over the mid-continent. b. The seasonal monsoonal precipitation patterns that develop over the mid-continent. c. Warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico interacts with cool air from Canada over the mid-contine d. all of these

e. Cool, moist air from Canada interacts with warm, moist air from the Pacific Ocean over the mid-c  Question 3 2 out of 2 points When multiple vortices develop within a tornado, each is referred to as a Selected Answer: d. suction vortex. Answers: a. none of these b. micro vortex. c. meso vortex. d. suction vortex. e. rotational vortex.  Question 4 2 out of 2 points A mesocyclone is considered by meteorologists to represent Selected Answer: b. small-scale rotating updrafts at the center of a supercell thunderstorm. Answers: a. hurricanes that form in the Atlantic Ocean. b. small-scale rotating updrafts at the center of a supercell thunderstorm. c. tornadoes. d. typhoons that occur in the Pacific Ocean.  Question 5 2 out of 2 points Do meteorologists have the technological ability to provide accurate detection and warnings once tornadoes form? Selected Answer: c.

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Yes; using Doppler radar systems, rotation in a tornado can be directly detected. Answers: a. Yes, but only based on eyewitness observations reported to the National Weather Service. b. No c. Yes; using Doppler radar systems, rotation in a tornado can be directly detected. d. Yes, using satellite imagery.  Question 6 2 out of 2 points When tornadoes form over water, they are referred to as Selected Answer: c. waterspouts. Answers: a. tornadoes, not differentiated whether on land or water. b. waterdogs. c. waterspouts. d. watersprites. e. none of these  Question 7 2 out of 2 points Where is the most likely place for a tornado to form in the figure below?

Selected Answer: b. in or near the hook echo Answers: a. along the forward-flank gust front b. in or near the hook echo c. in the forward-flank downdraft d. in the rear-flank downdraft e. along the rear-flank gust front  Question 8 2 out of 2 points The temperature in a lightning stroke can reach Selected Answer: b. 30,000 °C Answers: a.

10,000 °C b. 30,000 °C c. 5,000 °C d. 20,000 °C  Question 9 2 out of 2 points What percentage of lightning strike victims are killed? Selected Answer: c. 10% Answers: a. 70% b. 25% c. 10% d. 100% e. 45%  Question 10 2 out of 2 points Hail is common is many thunderstorms. It forms as a result of Selected Answer: b. updrafts into thunderstorms. Answers: a. all of these b. updrafts into thunderstorms. c. none of these d. rotation that develops in thunderstorms.

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e. downdrafts from thunderstorms.  Question 11 2 out of 2 points A tornado warning is Selected Answer: b. a formal statement issued by meteorologists to indicate that a tornado has been sighted. Answers: a. a formal statement issued by meteorologists to indicate that conditions are favorable for tornadoes to form. b. a formal statement issued by meteorologists to indicate that a tornado has been sighted. c. A tornado watch can indicate any of these. d. a formal statement issued by meteorologists to indicate that a tornado is presently forming.  Question 12 2 out of 2 points Orographic lifting occurs in which environment(s) on Earth? Selected Answer: a. over mountainous regions of the Earth with high elevations Answers: a. over mountainous regions of the Earth with high elevations b. over vast portions of the continents at low elevations near sea level c. All of these are possibilities. d. none of these e. over the oceans of the Earth  Question 13 0 out of 2 points The wind velocity in tornadoes generally ranges from

Selected Answer: c. 75 to 200 kilometers per hour. Answers: a. 50 to 100 kilometers per hour. b. 200 to 300 kilometers per hour. c. 75 to 200 kilometers per hour. d. 100 to 230 kilometers per hour. e.  Question 14 2 out of 2 points Tornadoes are associated with Selected Answer: c. all of these Answers: a. supercell thunderstorms. b. hurricanes. c. all of these d. squall lines. e. ordinary thunderstorms.  Question 15 2 out of 2 points Positive-polarity cloud-to-ground lightning strokes form because Selected Answer: a. electrons flow from the ground to the anvil portion of thunderstorms. Answers: a. electrons flow from the ground to the anvil portion of thunderstorms. b.

all of these c. electrons flow from the base of the thunderstorm to the ground. d. none of these e. electrons flow from the anvil of thunderstorms to the ground.  Question 16 2 out of 2 points The Enhanced Fujita scale is used to classify tornadoes from EF0 to EF5. This scale is based on Selected Answer: b. the amount of damage that results. Answers: a. the amount of time a tornado is on the ground. b. the amount of damage that results. c. the width of tornado tracks. d. wind speeds.  Question 17 2 out of 2 points Individual thunderstorms are generally expected to have diameters of Selected Answer: c. 30.0 kilometers or less. Answers: a. 1.0 kilometer or less. b. 3.0 kilometers or less. c. 30.0 kilometers or less. d. 50 kilometers or less. e. 15.0 kilometers or less.

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 Question 18 2 out of 2 points Since the late 1990s, no commercial aircraft accidents have been attributed to microbursts in the United States. The reason is that Selected Answer: c. many of the large airports have installed sensors to detect microbursts. Answers: a. all aircraft are prevented by Federal Aviation Administration law from flying when thunderstorms are present nearby. b. the lack of accidents over the time period is attributed more to luck than to any preventative measures. c. many of the large airports have installed sensors to detect microbursts. d. commercial pilots largely refuse to fly when thunderstorms are present in a region.  Question 19 2 out of 2 points The largest loss of life from a single tornado, as many as 1,300 people, occurred in 1989 in what part of the world? Selected Answer: d. Bangladesh Answers: a. India b. United States c. Argentina d. Bangladesh  Question 20 2 out of 2 points The term tornado watch is Selected Answer: a. a formal statement issued by meteorologists to indicate that conditions are favorable for tornadoes to form.

Answers: a. a formal statement issued by meteorologists to indicate that conditions are favorable for tornadoes to form. b. a formal statement issued by meteorologists to indicate that a tornado is presently forming. c. All of these; a tornado watch can indicate any of these. d. a formal statement issued by meteorologists to indicate that a tornado has been sighted.  Question 21 2 out of 2 points The term derecho refers to Selected Answer: c. thunderstorm-generated straight-line winds. Answers: a. thunderstorm-generated winds that rotate around a central axis. b. thunderstorm-generated downdraft winds. c. thunderstorm-generated straight-line winds. d. thunderstorm-generated updraft winds.  Question 22 2 out of 2 points Multiple vortex tornadoes are Selected Answer: b. typically, the most destructive form of tornado. Answers: a. common, but of little concern since they are short-lived. b. typically, the most destructive form of tornado. c. so rare as to be more of a scientific curiosity. d.

common, but of little concern because they do not cause significant damage.  Question 23 2 out of 2 points What are the most damaging aspects of hailstorms? Selected Answer: b. all of these Answers: a. crop loss from hailstones b. all of these c. livestock that is killed by hailstones d. damage to structures from hailstones e. damage to vehicles from hailstones  Question 24 0 out of 2 points The swath of destruction left by a tornado on the ground is referred to as the Selected Answer: e. destruction swath. Answers: a. tornado swath. b. destruction track. c. tornado track. d. e. destruction swath.  Question 25 2 out of 2 points Gust fronts develop due to downdrafts that form in thunderstorms. They result from

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Selected Answer: a. cool air rushing to the base of a thunderstorm. Answers: a. cool air rushing to the base of a thunderstorm. b. warm air rushing to the base of a thunderstorm. c. air with high relative humidity rushing to the base of a thunderstorm. d. All of these are possibilities. e. air with low relative humidity rushing to the base of a thunderstorm.

gly Cpt 9

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