Lab02 - Instructions

Geography 208 Lab 2: Endogenic Processes and Landforms Due: Week 8 (Sep 25-29) before your lab session INSTRUCTIONS on FORMAT and SUBMISSION:  Each individual must submit their own report, written in their own words.  Use the “Lab02 – Report Template” in OnQ to write your answers. This will make it easier for the TA to mark. Please present your work in a clear and logical fashion.  Submit in OnQ under “Assessments” > “Assignments” > “Lab 01” as a Word or PDF. We will not accept photos or HEIC file types. Assignments submitted as this type will be marked late until it is resubmitted as a Word or PDF document.  Each figure and table you include needs to have a caption that clearly describes what is shown in the figure or table . Note a figure/table caption is more than a figure title! A properly formulated figure caption would describe the data/information presented so that the reader can understand the results, and derive their own meaning from this, without having to read or refer to the accompanying text.  Note that this course makes use of Turnitin, a third-party application that helps maintain standards of excellence in academic integrity. When you submit your assignments through OnQ, your assignment will be subject to a scan by Turnitin, for the purpose of detecting plagiarism. You will be given a similarity score and will be able to view this. You will also have the opportunity to revise and resubmit if you find that you have a high similarity score. You should not need to cite sources beyond the text book, lectures or assigned readings. However , if you do make use of other resources you need to provide a proper in text citation (e.g. Author, YEAR) and a full reference in a separate reference list at the end of your report. Failure to cite source of information or knowledge is plagiarism, which is a breach of academic integrity . You may choose any referencing format, but must use it consistently. See examples below: Journal article: (Author, …. (YEAR) Title, Journal title , volume , pages) Medeiros, A. S., Wood, P., Wesche, S. D., Bakaic, M., & Peters, J. F. (2017). Water security for northern peoples: review of threats to Arctic freshwater systems in Nunavut, Canada. Regional Environmental Change, 17 , 635-647. Government document: (Author/Department, year, title , Retrieved from: URL ) Utilities Kingston.. (2017). 2017 Annual report on drinking water quality: King Street Water Treatment Plant . Retrieved from https://utilitieskingston.com/Water/Quality/Reports Online data: (Author/Department, year, Data Record, URL) Water Survey of Canada, (2017). Historical Hydrometric Data. https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/water- overview/quantity/monitoring/survey/data-products-services.html

GPHY 208 Lab 2 2 / 7 Assignment: Tectonic plate motion and tectonic and volcanic landforms This exercise uses the map of tectonic plates (Figure 1) and Google Earth to study the distribution and types of plate junctions and their relationships to different landforms. Refer to your notes, or textbook if you are uncertain about the relationships between plate boundaries and landforms associated with them. 1. Using the world map of lithospheric plates shown in Figure 1: a. Locate the country of Iran on your map of tectonic plates . Name the type of plate boundary that exists along the southern border and coast of Iran , and briefly discuss the type of landforms AND hazards would you expect to find there? ( 3 marks ). b. Using Google Earth find Iran, and searching the area of the plate boundary, find an example of a landform that supports your statement above. Provide a map/figure of this landform (1 mark) , along with the appropriate figure caption and/or annotation (2 marks) . In your figure caption, justify why this landform supports your statement on the type of plate boundary and feature(s)…you may want to refer to the lecture notes. Don’t forget to include the source! (2 marks) . TIP: You can “Save Images” in Google Earth and create elevation transects using the “add path” tool, then right-clicking it under “Places” and selecting “Show elevation profile”. 2. Given Using the world map of lithospheric plates shown in Figure 1: a. Locate New Zealand . Name the type of plate boundary that exists along the southern island , and briefly discuss the type of landforms AND hazards would you expect to find there? ( 3 marks ). b. Using Google Earth find the following location in New Zealand: 45°52'6.00"S, 168°27'53.00"E. Provide a map/figure of this landform, along with an appropriate figure caption and/or annotation that identifies the landform and its genesis (5 marks) 3. Using Google Earth go to the following coordinates: 40°44'31.06"N, 76°50'9.88"W. a. Discuss the nature of the landscape in this region and the tectonic processes responsible for it (i.e. large scale features running NE to SW, looking at approximately a 150-200km eye altitude). (2 marks) b. Identify the curved (U or V shaped) landform (1 mark) you observe at the coordinates You will want to zoom in to at least 20km Eye altitude to properly view the landform and take a look at different angles and view points. Provide justifications for your answer. ( 2 marks )

GPHY 208 Lab 2 4 / 7 Figure 1 . Maps of lithospheric plates (from Strahler and Strahler, Physical Geography 3rd Edition, Canadian Version, Figures 12.9a and 12.9b) \ 4. Below you are given 4 sets of coordinates. One or more of these sites represents an example of a volcanic island arc chain. Given the map of the tectonic plates in Figure 1, and what you know about how such chains form, and their characteristic features you are ask to use Google Earth to answer the following questions. a. Identify which site(s) (i-iv) represent a true volcanic island arc chain. There could be multiple choices. ( 1 mark ): i. 28°12'26.36"N, 177° 22'23.32"W ii. 54°45'29.60"S, 63°51'58.45"W iii. 24°49'58.96"N, 125°12'35.76"E iv. 52° 8'40.46"N, 174°42'34.36"W (a) Create an annotated figure of a volcanic island arc chain you’ve identified. Use image software or mapping tools in Google Earth to identify the following features on your map. The figure we looked about in class can be helpful here. For your figure, include: a. Fore Arc Zone (1 mark) b. Trench (1 mark) c. Outer Arc Ridge (1 mark) d. Back Arc Zone (1 mark) e. Volcanic Arc Zone (1 mark) Figure details: a. latitude & longitude of site included in figure or figure caption (0.5 mark) b. Figure includes legend/labels (0.5 mark) c. Figure (and caption if applicable) are easy to read and understand (1 mark) You will lose additional marks if labels are illegible (e.g., we can’t read where you wrote “Fore Arc Zone”). 5. Go to the following coordinates: 1°11'10.72"S, 36°21'57.27"E a. What type of landform is this? Be specific and justify your answer, based on the features and form as examined in Google Earth. ( 2 marks ) b. Examine the broader landscape (within approximately 70km radium of this point). Identify the type of tectonic boundary/movement responsible for this landscape? ( 1 mark) c. Using Google Earth produce a figure(s)/map(s) of at least two other endogenic landscape features found withing the 70km radius of the point that support your answer to 7b? Your figure should identify the type of landforms you have found and

GPHY 208 Lab 2 5 / 7 should provide the location (lat, long coordinates) of the location. Your caption should describe the feature ( 8 marks ) 6. The Lomonosov Ridge runs between the continental shelf of Laptev Sea in Siberia to the shelf of the northern coast of Greenland and Ellesmere Island. It also passes very close to the North Pole. The ridge is an underwater mountain chain, with some volcanoes, but relatively low volcanic activity. This is a highly contested piece of continental crust, because if a country can demonstrate that this ridge is an extension of their continental shelf , they will have rights over thousands of square kilometres of the polar seabed, a potential treasure trove of oil and gas. Along with Russia, both Canada and Denmark have made claims under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) to secure jurisdiction over this area. Find the Lomonosov Ridge on Google Earth (88°12'56.61"N, 147°38'21.36"E). Roughly parallel to the Lomonosov Ridge is the Gakkel Ridge (86°56'4.05"N, 91°48'23.37"E). Note that the continental margins and shallower seafloor features are indicated by lighter blue shades on Google Earth, while darker colours indicate deeper regions. a. What type of plate motion would you expect at the Gakkel ridge (divergent, transform, convergent, stagnant) and what features do you see that suggest this? (3 marks) b. What type of plates do you suspect were involved in forming the Lomonosov Ridge (oceanic/oceanic, oceanic/continental, or continental/continental)? Why (refer to the feature types we’ve been discussing in class)? (2 mark) c. Can you see any evidence that Lomonosov Ridge might be linked geologically to the continental shelf of either Russia (Siberia), Canada (Arctic Islands), or Denmark (Greenland)? If you had to decide, which countries have or do not have claim to this ridge? Use a geomorphic lens, not a political one, and explain your answer in terms of your interpretation of what this ridge consists of and how this feature form. Note that there are many potential answers to this question. (3 marks) 7. This last question involves you using Google Earth to assess and compare the geomorphology of two different volcanic landforms. The first is Mount Price (49°54'57.74"N, 123°02'9.00"W) a stratovolcano in Garibaldi Provincial Park, located approximately 65 km north of Vancouver. The second, is a shield volcano, Mauna Loa, in Hawaii (19°28'1.63"N, 155°35'7.43"W). a. For this section you are asked to present a series of tables that summarise the features and dimensions of the two volcanic cones, and the lava flows that can be observed there. i. For the first table present the topographic features including the peak elevation (in meters above sea level), the average total elevation gain (from base of the cone to the peak), and the average slope (or gradient). For the averages show the results for 3 measurements and the mean value. See

GPHY 208 Lab 2 7 / 7 Flow 1 Flow 1 Flow 2 Flow 2 Flow 3 Flow 3 Flow 4 Flow 5 Mean Mean St Dev. St Dev. b. Present a figure(s) that illustrates the topographic profiles of these two volcanoes using the Elevation Profile feature in Google Earth. (8 marks) (don’t forget a figure caption!) c. Discuss and compare your observations for the elevation profiles, cone shape and dimensions, and flow features, and how they conform, or fail to conform, to the geomorphologies typical or expected of these types of volcanoes. (6 marks) Think about their location and what type of eruption you would expect. Marks Question 1: /8 Question 2: /8 Question 3: /5 Question 4: /8 Question 5: /11 Question 6: /8 Question 7: /28 TOTAL _______/76