Final Exam Review GEOL 1401
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Dec 6, 2023
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Final Exam Review
Oceanography
Ch. 13 The Ocean Floor
Term
Definition
Oceanography p. 408
% of the Earth’s surface covered by ocean p. 408
Bathymetry p.410
Sonar p.410
Echo sounders p.410
Passive continental margins p.414
Continental shelf p.414
Continental slope p.415
Continental rise p.415
Active continental margins p. 416
Accretionary wedge p.417
Deep-ocean trenches p.417
Oceanic ridge p.419
Chapter 14 Ocean Water and Ocean Life
Salinity p.432
What are the 2 most abundant minerals found in seawater? P.432 How does evaporation affect ocean water salinity? P. 433 How does fresh water affect ocean water salinity? P.433
Thermocline p.435
Pycnocline p. 435
How does temperature
affect ocean water density? P.435
How does salinity
affect ocean water density? P.435
Photosynthesis p.437
Plankton, including phytoplankton and zooplankton p.437
Biomass p.438
Nekton p.438
Benthos p.438
Photic zone p.439
Euphotic zone p.439
Aphotic zone p.439
Intertidal zone p.440
Neritic Zone p. 440
Oceanic zone p.441
Why is it difficult for life inhabit
the deep ocean? P.441 (top half)
Chapter 15 The Dynamic Ocean
Gyres p.452
Coriolis Effect p.452
Surface-ocean currents. How deep are they? What drives them? How far can they flow?
Upwelling p.455
How do surface ocean currents distribute heat around the world and why is this important? P.454-455
Thermohaline circulation p. 456
Shoreline p. 457
Shore p. 457
Coast p. 457
Coastline p. 457
Foreshore p.457
Backshore p.457
Near-shore zone p.457
Offshore zone p.457
Beach p.458
Berms p.458
Wave height p.459
Wavelength p.459
Wave period p.459
Circular orbital motion p.460
Wave base p.460
Surf p. 461
Study Figure 15.13- notice what
happens to the shape of the water motion as it travels towards the shore… it goes from being circular in shape to?
What 3 factors affect how large
a wave will form? P.459
Abrasion p. 462
Wave refraction p.462
Beach drift p.463
Longshore currents p.463 Wave-cut cliffs p.464
Wave-cut platform p.464
Marine terrace p.464
Sea arch p.464
Sea stack p. 464
Spit p. 465
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Baymouth bar p.465
Tombolo p.465
Barrier islands p.466
Hard stabilization p.472
Jetties p.472
Groins p.473
Breakwater p. 473
Seawall p.473
Beach nourishment p. 474
Tides p.476
Spring tides p.477
Neap tides p.477
Meteorology
1.
What is ozone? Which layer of the atmosphere is it mostly concentrated in? Why is the ozone layer important?
2.
What is the difference between weather and climate?
3.
Explain how energy is transferred by conduction, convection, and radiation. Give examples of each- which way is energy transferred from
the sun to the earth?
4.
What are the layers of the atmosphere? What is significant about each one? i.e., which has the aurora borealis, the ozone layer, the weather, which layer do meteoroids burn up?
5.
Review the concept of albedo, what it is, give examples of surfaces with high albedo and low albedo.
6.
What does earth experience seasons? Know what the solstices and equinoxes are and what dates they occur.
7.
Cloud types- names as classified by height and shape.
8.
Cloud formation, i.e., for a cloud to form, the air must be cooled to the dew point, also clouds require a condensation nuclei and sufficient water vapor. (Recall the could-in-a- jar demonstration)
9.
Dew point and Relative Humidity- what are they, how are they measured?
10.
The various ways fog is formed.
11.
Air masses, where they form, the different types- focus on the air masses in North America.
12.
Fronts, warm, and cold and the types of clouds associated with each.
13.
Hurricane formation (various stages), which ocean is associated with typhoon, which ocean do cyclones form over?
Astronomy
Study the following sections:
Chapter 21:
21.4, 21.5, 21.6
Chapter 22:
22.1, 22.2, 22.5
Chapter 23
: 23.5 and 23.6
Here are the terms you will need to know and understand
Term
Definition
Rotation p.651
Orbit p.651
Revolution p.651
Mean solar day p.651
Sidereal p.651
Perihelion p. 652
Aphelion p.652
Ecliptic p.652
Plane of the ecliptic p.652
Synodic month p. 653
Sidereal month p. 653
Phases of the Moon p.653
Solar eclipse p. 655
Lunar eclipse p.655
Nebular theory p.663
Solar nebular p.663
Maria p.668
Lunar highlands p.668
Lunar regolith p. 670
Asteroids p.683
Asteroid belt p.683
Nucleus p. 684
Coma p.684
Kuiper belt p.685
Oort cloud p.685
Meteors p. 685
Meteoroid p.686
Meteorite p.686
Photosphere p. 707
Granules p.707
Chromosphere p.707
Corona p.708
Solar wind p.708
Core p.708
Radiative zone p.708
Nuclear fusion p.708
Sunspots p.709
Prominences p. 710
Solar flares p.711
Coronal mass ejections p.711
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